急求英語(yǔ)高手 哥哥姐姐幫忙翻譯下面文章，要手動(dòng)翻譯的 拿翻譯軟件糊弄的人的請(qǐng)別來了 再此感謝 謝謝

First, the English slang translation of euphemisms, Euphemism in the proportion of slang is relatively large. The emergence of euphemism, often in life when people contacts, people appear awkward and hard to tell whether or easily hurt the feelings of the occasion, people consciously avoided a direct hit, but with more modest, yet elegant image of the word, twist express their views, opinions and emotions. This expression, is frequently encountered in Chinese, and sometimes in English for the very same semantics with the same or similar expression. Thus making Translation, may be the same translation.

Second, the English slang spell on the translation of gambling

In English and Chinese languages, all with swear, swear, swear to express Chi emphasized that the evil monk, dissatisfied with the hope that such emotional words. However, it is noteworthy that the meaning expressed by swear words more often than not its literal meaning. Therefore, the translation should be used free translation approach. In the translation process, it is necessary to retain its original meaning, but also very different, according to Chinese and foreign cultural backgrounds, languages and customs, translation adjustments, it can better meet their people's habits. From the following examples, you can glimpse the translation adjustment of the original slang.

Third, the English slang vulgar language translation

The so-called coarse language generally refers to insulting, rude words unbearable human ear, its actual meaning is not expressed in its literal meaning. Its purpose is to use vulgar words to vent their dissatisfaction, annoyance, anger, surprise and contempt, and protest so intense emotions. Therefore, the translation of such terms should be especially cautious and discreet.

以上翻譯不知道準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)確哦，如果在找不到你想要的譯文，也只能尋求翻譯公司幫忙了，之前要把建立譯成英文的，也是在網(wǎng)上尋求幫助，可是都不準(zhǔn)確，后來經(jīng)一個(gè)朋友介紹找到了上海共明翻譯，譯文的準(zhǔn)確度還不錯(cuò)哦，你可以咨詢咨詢。希望對(duì)你有幫助。

請(qǐng)教：意譯（literal translation），音譯(transliteration)的英文科學(xué)定義！還有“直譯”英語(yǔ)怎么說？

音譯(transliteration)

Transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another. Transliteration attempts to be lossless, so that an informed reader should be able to reconstruct the original spelling of unknown transliterated words. To achieve this objective transliteration may define complex conventions for dealing with letters in a source script which do not correspond with letters in a goal script. Romaji is an example of a transliterating method.

This is opposed to transcription, which maps the sounds of one language to the script of another language. Still, most transliterations map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the goal script, for some specific pair of source and goal language.

One instance of transliteration is the use of an English computer keyboard to type in a language that uses a different alphabet, such as in Russian. While the first usage of the word implies seeking the best way to render foreign words into a particular language, the typing transliteration is a purely pragmatic process of inputting text in a particular language. Transliteration from English letters is particularly important for users who are only familiar with the English keyboard layout, and hence could not type quickly in a different alphabet even if their software would actually support a keyboard layout for another language. Some programs, such as the Russian language word processor Hieroglyph provide typing by transliteration as an important feature. The rest of the article concerns itself with the first meaning of the word, that is rendering foreign words into a different alphabet.

If the relations between letters and sounds are similar in both languages, a transliteration may be (almost) the same as a transcription. In practice, there are also some mixed transliteration/transcription systems, that transliterate a part of the original script and transcribe the rest. Greeklish is an example of such a mixture.

In a broader sense, the word transliteration is used to include both transliteration in the narrow sense and transcription. Anglicizing is a transcription method. Romanization encompasses several transliteration and transcription methods.

=============================================================

意譯（literal translation）

"Translation" is, etymologically, a "carrying across" or "bringing across": the Latin translatio derives from transferre (trans, "across" + ferre, "to carry" or "to bring"). The modern European languages, Romance, Germanic and Slavic, have generally formed their own equivalent terms for this concept after the Latin model: after transferre or after the kindred traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). Additionally, the Greek term for "translation," metaphrasis (a "speaking across"), has supplied English with "metaphrase," meaning a literal, or word-for-word, translation, as contrasted with "paraphrase" (a "saying in other words," from the Greek paraphrasis).

直譯：a word-for-word translation，其實(shí)literal translation也代表直譯

跪求literal translation的英文定義和free translation的英文定義 （每個(gè)400字左右） 十分感謝！

Translation of neologisms into Chinese generally follows three principles: free translation (意譯, literally "translation according to meaning") and transcription (音譯, literally "translation according to sound") or a combination of the two.

Literal translation, or direct translation, is the rendering of text from one language to another "word-for-word" (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") rather than conveying the sense of the original. (This distinction is valid only when a literal translation does not accurately convey the sense, which is not invariably true.)

In translation studies, "literal translation" denotes technical translation of scientific, technical, technological or legal texts. In translation theory, another term for "literal translation" is "metaphrase"; and for phrasal ("sense") translation — "paraphrase." When considered a bad practice of conveying word by word (lexeme to lexeme, or morpheme to lexeme) translation of non-technical type literal translations has the meaning of mistranslating idioms, for example, or in the context of translating an analytic language to a synthetic language, it renders even the grammar unintelligible.

Free translation

意譯／意譯; yìyì, literally "translation according to meaning"

In Chinese, traditionally, free translations are used for translating of non-proper nouns (proper nouns include names of people, places, countries, etc.). Most non-proper noun terms are introduced into modern Chinese using this method, including many names re-inegrated into Chinese from Japanese terms, which where originally translated from Chinese kanji, during the 19th and 20th century. This is opposed to transcription (see below).

Examples:

Basketball - 籃球 lánqiú, "basket ball"

Physics - 物理 wùlǐ, "logics [of]/reasons [behind] matter/things", first introduced by Fang Yizhi (方以智)

Chemistry - 化學(xué) huàxué, "subject [of] transformations", first introduced by Xu Shou (徐壽, generally regarded)

Mobile phone - 手機(jī) shǒujī, "hand device/machine"

漢譯英,在線等!謝謝!

1 naturalization law

Digital translation regulation method can be used in the target language to identify the corresponding expressions. For example, the English "AT SIXER AND SEVENS" and "SIX OF ONE AND HALF-A-DOZEN OF DE OTHER", we will be able to have their "Qilianbala." More such examples are cited part as follows:

(1) THINK TWICE rethink

IN TWO MINDS half-hearted

IN THREES AND FOURS take place March 5

(2) TWO HEADS ARE BETTER THAN ONE.

Zhuge Liang cobbler than three stinky.

(3) Even if I had eight first Qure he did not dare.

EVEN I HE NINE LIVES I NEVER DARE OFFEND HIM.

2 literal law

(1) one-on-one literal translation

Some figures as the base word numeral sequence can be used, such as a literal translation of the law, such as the "3322 (TWO AND THREES)", "an inch of an inch of the time (AN INCH OF TIME IS AN INCH OF GOLD)", "A DROP IN THE OCEAN (drop in the ocean), "" A FALL INTO THE PIT, A GAIN IN YOUR WIT (eat a graben, a long-chi), "look at a few examples below:

① ten years to grow trees, a community.

IT TAKE TEN YEARS TO GROW TREES, BUT A HUNDRED YEARS TO REAR PEOPLE.

② Although I and my brothers are vastly different, but we still have things in common.

THOUGH MY BROTHER AND I DIFFER IN THOUSANDS OF WAYS, WE STILL HE SOME COMMON THINGS.

③ YOU ACT LIKE YOU GREW TEN INCHER IN THE NIGHT.

You back to the performance of 10 to 10 is a failure.

④ I MUST HE READ THE BOOK FOR ONE HUNDRED TIMES BUT I NEVER DID IT.

I should have read that book hundreds of times, but the past, I have never done.

Obviously the words "ONE HUNDRED" is not specific to know the specific figures, "100", but the majority table. English-speaking countries, people often use "TEN", "HUNDRED," "THOUSAND" and the Chinese people "10" "1000" and "10000" to express the same concept.

For example:

⑤ IF YOU TOOK A THOUSAND GUESSES, YOU COULD NOT GUESS WHO.

Even if you guess is 1000 times people could not guess who he is.

(2) explain the literal meaning

The use of simple literal translation is obviously not enough, the necessary time, we need to give literal meaning to add that after so readers can more complete understanding of the original, taking you are familiar with the expression "three hands", If only translated into "THREE-HANDS", the reader is unable to understand, but if we handle this, it will be different results, "three hands" - "THREE-HANDS, THE THIRD HAND MAY BE USED TO STEAL."

Again we may ancient Chinese sayings that "Harmony" translated into "HEEN AND MAN ARE ONE, HEEN COULD REFER TO 'GOD' OR 'NATURE' AND MAN REFERS TO THE 'HUMAN BEING'."

貌似很準(zhǔn)確把 呵呵^_^

下面是中文的

一日歸化法

數(shù)字的翻譯可以采用規(guī)化法，在目的語(yǔ)中找出相應(yīng)的表達(dá)法。比如，英語(yǔ)的" sixer和七人欖球賽"和"六個(gè)一和半一十多名德等" ，我們可以將他們都對(duì)譯成"七零八落" ，這樣的例子較多，現(xiàn)列舉部分如下：

（ 1 ）三思三思而行

在兩個(gè)頭腦三心二意

在三和四名三五成行

（二）兩國(guó)元首均優(yōu)于之一。

三個(gè)臭皮匠勝過諸葛亮。

（ 3 ）即使我有八個(gè)頭也不敢去惹他。

即使我有九條命我從來不敢得罪他。

二直譯法

（ 1 ）一對(duì)一的字面翻譯

有些數(shù)字像基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞等可以采用一對(duì)的字面翻譯法，如"三三兩兩（兩分三） " ， "一寸光陰一寸金（一英寸的時(shí)間是一個(gè)一寸金） " ， "下降海洋（滄海一粟） " ， "落入深潭，漲幅在你的智慧（吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智） " ，再看下面幾個(gè)例句：

①十年樹木，百年樹人。

它以十年種樹，但一百年來后方的人。

②雖然我和我兄弟千差萬別，但我們還是有共同點(diǎn)的。

雖然我的哥哥和我不同，在成千上萬的方式，但我們?nèi)匀挥幸恍┕餐臇|西。

③你的行事像你們一樣增長(zhǎng)了10英寸在夜間。

你的表現(xiàn)十回有十回是失敗的。

④我必須看過這本書，為100次，但我從未嘗試過。

我應(yīng)該把那本書讀過上百遍，可是過去我從沒做到。

很顯然該句中的" 100 " ，不具體知具體數(shù)字"一百" ，而只是表多數(shù)。英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人常用"十年" ， "百" ， " 1000 " ，而中國(guó)人用"十" ， "千"和"萬"來表達(dá)同一概念。

例如：

⑤如果你上任一千猜測(cè)，你無法去猜測(cè)誰。

即使你猜上一千遍也猜不到他是誰。

（ 2 ）字面意義加解釋

單純的采用字面翻譯，顯然是不夠的，必要的時(shí)候我們需要在給出字面意義后再加以補(bǔ)充說明，這樣讀者才能更完整的理解原文，就拿大家所熟悉的表達(dá)法， "三只手"來說，如僅僅翻譯成"三手" ，讀者是無法理解的，但如果我們這樣處理，那效果就會(huì)不一樣， "三只手"---"三雙手，三只手可能被用來竊取" 。

再如我們可將中國(guó)古語(yǔ)"天人合一"翻譯成"天人一，天堂可以指'上帝'或'性'與人指的就是'人' " 。