literarycriticismtheory的簡(jiǎn)單介紹
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literary怎么讀
literary英 [?l?t?r?ri]? ?美 [?l?t?reri]?
adj. 文學(xué)的;文學(xué)上的;適于文學(xué)作品的;有典型文學(xué)作品特征的;愛(ài)好文學(xué)的;從事文學(xué)研究(或?qū)懽?的
比較級(jí)： more literary最高級(jí)： most literary
記憶技巧：liter 文字，字母 + ary …的 → 文學(xué)的
1文學(xué)的；文學(xué)上的
connected with literature
literary criticism/theory
文學(xué)批評(píng) / 理論
2(of a language or style of writing 語(yǔ)言或?qū)懽魑捏w) 適于文學(xué)作品的；有典型文學(xué)作品特征的
suitable for or typical of a work of literature
It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary language.
是喬叟使英語(yǔ)真正變成了文學(xué)語(yǔ)言。
3愛(ài)好文學(xué)的；從事文學(xué)研究（或?qū)懽鳎┑?/p>
liking literature very much; studying or writing literature
a literary man
文人
高爾基英文簡(jiǎn)介
1、英文
Maxim Gorky (1868-1936), the founder of Soviet literature. Gorky, formerly Alexei Maximovich Bishkov, was born in a carpenter's home on the Volga River.
His young parents died and lived in his grandfather's home in a small dyeing shop.
Later, when his grandfather went bankrupt, 10-year-old Alexeir was a social vagrant, working as a variety of odd jobs.
Although he only attended elementary school for two years, he persisted in self-study and read many books.
In addition, he himself had extensive contact with social life, accumulated rich material, and finally made him a world-renowned great writer.
His representative works include "Haiyan", "Mother", "Childhood", "In the World", "My University" and so on.
2、中文
馬克西姆·高爾基（1868-1936），蘇聯(lián)文學(xué)的奠基人。高爾基原名阿列克謝·馬克西莫維奇·彼什科夫，出生于伏爾加河畔的一個(gè)木匠家中，幼年父母雙亡，寄居在開(kāi)小染坊的外祖父家里。
后來(lái)外祖父破產(chǎn)，十歲的阿列克謝就在社會(huì)上流浪，當(dāng)過(guò)各種雜工。雖然他只上過(guò)兩年小學(xué)，卻一直堅(jiān)持勤奮自學(xué)，讀了許多書。
加上他本人曾廣泛地接觸過(guò)社會(huì)生活，積累了豐富的素材，終于使他成為世界知名的大作家。
代表作品有《海燕》、《母親》、《童年》、《在人間》、《我的大學(xué)》等。
擴(kuò)展資料：
高爾基早期創(chuàng)作的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作品多取材于他的底層生活的見(jiàn)聞和感受，其中最有代表性的是流浪漢題材的小說(shuō)《切爾卡什》。
描寫了老流浪漢切爾卡什勇敢、獨(dú)立不羈、不屈從于金錢和保持人的尊嚴(yán)的高貴品質(zhì)，說(shuō)明盡管這些人的精神包袱還很沉重，但比起自私、庸俗的小私有者卻高尚得多。
在藝術(shù)上，《切爾卡什》充分顯示了高爾基早期現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作品刻畫復(fù)雜性格的卓越技巧。這些作品除強(qiáng)烈地控訴了資本主義社會(huì)的罪惡外，還力圖揭示流浪漢內(nèi)心深處的痛苦和新舊意識(shí)的斗爭(zhēng)，捕捉勞動(dòng)群眾生活的時(shí)代特征，其目的仍然是要喚起人們對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度。
高爾基的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作起步于浪漫主義。高爾基一生都在探索個(gè)人和歷史的關(guān)系，尋找合理的社會(huì)生活，其作品中的主人公也往往充滿激烈的內(nèi)心沖突，并積極投身革命活動(dòng)，探求改造現(xiàn)實(shí)的途徑。
高爾基曾不止一次地遭到沙皇政府的逮捕、監(jiān)督和放逐，但他依舊始終如一地進(jìn)行自己的革命和文學(xué)活動(dòng)。
參考資料來(lái)源：百度百科——瑪克西姆·高爾基
美國(guó)黑人文化的英文介紹
The beginning in 1964 black literary arts movement was in the blackAmerican history a new Renaissance, was the American black rightmovement (Black Power Movement) specifically manifested, its scale andthe influence has surpassed for the 20's "the Kazak Lai 姆Renaissance". This movement is for the purpose of changing the blackin US'S situation and the status, the black literature artist is forthe purpose of changing black's in literary arts image, reflects the60's blacks' new spirit. Because in the black writer mind readermainly is a black, therefore they even more sedulously develop therace the culture, the history and the community tradition. With, thistime black literary criticism which this is corresponding alsoadvocated "the widespread artistic standard and the race fusion poemstudy, got rid of the source to be able to be suitable for to theCaucasian culture unified criticism standard to elaborate and toappraise the black literary arts the concept" (the note: Cheng Xilin"one kind newly rises theory criticism: Black American esthetics ","Foreign Literature ", in 1993 6th issue. ). They emphasize the blackliterary arts the distinctive quality, namely "black" (Blackness);Emphasized the black culture the soul and the tradition, seek theblack culture the independency, tries hard to establish creates andcriticizes the black literary arts the unique pattern, thusestablishes one kind of black esthetics. As the black esthetics centercategory "the black" is black race consciousness, becomes weighs theblack American literature the ontology. The black esthetics criticpersisted thought any literary criticism had all reflected one kind ofspecific cultural standard, does not have the universality, thereforein the black esthetic standard emphasized "the black" is veryimportant.
Black esthetics provided has established independent and the coherentblack literary criticism words possibility, the black literarycriticism words tries hard to inquire is the black American cultureroot, the subject, the structure, the terminology and the symbolicmark. The Arab League Miri Pakistan 拉卡(Amiri Baraka) believedthat, the nationalism ideal is restores in Europe colonizes theAfrican culture key which time loses, proposed "the black isbeautiful" the slogan, and summoned the black writer as intermediarydisplays this esthetics principle take the literary arts, evaluatesthe black literature from the society and the political value thesignificance. They through "Liberation", "Black Poetry Monthlypublication", "Black Digest" (in 1970 changed the name as "BlackWorld") and so on the magazine guide the black populace from thespiritual culture, let them realize to the European esthetics valuesthe hegemonism tendency and its to the black American culture negativeinfluence which displayed in the culture area of knowledge.
A this time black literary criticism remarkable characteristic lies inthe criticism theory and the method diversification: From the earlyJones's phenomenon scientific theory or principle 論到 Neil's mythcriticism, criticizes from the fuller society to Henderson'shistorical esthetics practice, criticizes from the geyl morals tolater period Jones's cultural criticism and so on. In 1967, gram倫斯 Major published "Black Standard", hereafter black estheticspassed through 霍伊特 the fuller (Hoyt W.Fuller), lary Neil (LarryNeal), Stephen Henderson (Stephen Henderson), 艾迪生 the geyl(Addison Gayle Jr.) Rung Huiqin 諶 伺 ú comments family's endeavor,became one kind of amazing theory landscape. in 1968, the fullerpublishes "Moved towards Black Esthetics" an article, explicitlyrelated the black esthetics with the black right movement. In order toobtain the black society interior the unity and the strength, theblack nationality must retrieve and venerate root of the oneselfunique culture, needed one kind to get rid of the Caucasian racismculture value idea influence "the mystical black". In 1968, Neil haspublished the well-known paper "Black Literary arts Movement",commented the black artist to be separated from the Caucasianmainstream art pattern and the development take the African culturetradition as foundation creation pattern all sorts of attempts,attempted the black esthetics which oned the rise to set to in onekind of ceremony artistic theory. He believed that, the genuine blackart fountainhead is the community music and the oral folk tale, thenew art must change these fountainheads, into the contemporary blacklives an inalienable part.
英語(yǔ)高手幫我翻譯啊。不要用有道。謝謝啦。
Ecological criticism is produced in the nineteen seventies a theory of literary criticism. In the early 70's publication of the" survival Drama : literary ecology" in one book, American scholar Joseph Smith, Kerr puts forward " literary ecology" ( Literary Ecology ) is a term, advocates should explore the literature revealed by human and other relationships between species, should be careful and sincerely look and explore the literature on human behavior and the influence of the natural environment. In 1978, William Lu Keer in" Iowa review" Ninth issue entitled" literature and Ecology: an experimental" article, first used the " ecological criticism" ( ecocriticiam ) of this concept, consider ecology and ecological concepts relevant to use literature research in. Thereafter. The rapid development of ecological criticism, and aroused the extensive attention. To 90 time, ecological criticism has gradually become a theory of literary criticism theory.At present, the academic concept of ecological criticism which is widely used in American literature and the environment of Professor Cherry 's glotfelty under the definition of ecological criticism," is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment, ... ... According to the center of the earth for staff to study literature". The former can be regarded as the object of ecological criticism, literature and the physical environment ( NATURAL ) relationship as the object of study; the latter is intended to illustrate the research method," take the earth as the center to study literature" can be understood as the station in the earth's ecological standpoint to study literature, discussing the relation between man and nature, creation more ecological literature, arouse people to protect the ecological environment consciousness, so as to construct a more reasonable ecological philosophy.Ecological criticism in post modern context, belongs to the modern criticism and theory, by the deconstruction thought influence, it challenges, expose, criticizing the" logos centralism", digestion, subversion of the traditional. Ecological criticism against the" logos centralism" performance "of anthropocentrism". "The human center principle" is the mainstream western philosophy since the modern cultural values," Modernity" is one of the important features of. It is with person and nature of the binary opposition between the two as the premise, claims that man is the master of nature, the center of the world, has the supreme right; nature is human rule, control object, nature as" others" no" intrinsic value". " Talent is everything of value subject, is the creator of all values and commitment". This is an absolute" Anthropocentrism" values, it will be in the world extremely elevated position, emphasize the subjectivity of man, serious and screwy person and natural ecological relationship between reasonable. Such values in human productivity level is not high, the human activities are not sufficient to constitute a great threat to natural history has played a positive role, promoting the progress of human civilization. Then, latter-day since the Renaissance, there has been Bacon's" command nature", Descartes " to become the master of nature and the ruler" and Kant's" human is the nature of the lawmakers" and so on" doctrine of human center" the outstanding expression of thought, it also shows that the modern" Anthropocentrism" thought formation.
新聞傳播各專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯(2)
新聞傳播各專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯大全
市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)新聞學(xué) the Market—Driven Journalism
意識(shí)形態(tài) Ideology
霸權(quán) Hegemony
權(quán)力話語(yǔ) Power Discourse
視覺(jué)文本 Visual Text
文本 Text
超級(jí)文本 Hypertext
結(jié)構(gòu)主義 Constructionism
解構(gòu)主義 Deconstructionism
文化工業(yè) Culture Industry
大眾文化 Mass Culture
文化研究 Cultural Studies
批判學(xué)派/批判理論 Critical Theory
法蘭克福學(xué)派 Frankfurt School
女權(quán)主義/女性主義 Feminism
符號(hào)學(xué) Semiotics/Semiology
符號(hào) Sign
能指與所指 Signified/Signifier
新聞理論相關(guān)詞匯
Fourth Estate 第四等級(jí)（新聞界的別稱）
freedom of the Press 新聞自由
free—lancer n、自由撰稿人
full position 醒目位置
Good news comes on crutches、 好事不出門。
grapevine n、小道消息
gutter n、中縫
hard news 硬新聞；純消息
headline n、新聞標(biāo)題；內(nèi)容提要
hearsay n、小道消息
highlights n、 要聞
hot news 熱點(diǎn)新聞
human interest 人情味
in—depth reporting 深度報(bào)道
insert n、 vt、插補(bǔ)段落；插稿
interpretative reporting 解釋性報(bào)道
invasion of privacy 侵犯隱私（權(quán)）
inverted pyramid 倒金字塔（寫作結(jié)構(gòu)）
investigative reporting 調(diào)查性報(bào)道
journalism n、新聞業(yè)；新聞學(xué)
Journalism is literature in a hurry 新聞是急就文學(xué)、
journalist n、新聞?dòng)浾?/p>
kill vt、退棄（稿件）；槍斃（稿件）
layout n、版面編排；版面設(shè)計(jì)
lead n、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)
libel n、 誹謗（罪）
makeup n、 版面設(shè)計(jì)
man of the year 年度新聞人物，年度風(fēng)云人物
mass communication 大眾傳播（學(xué)）
mass media 大眾傳播媒介
master head n、報(bào)頭；報(bào)名
media n、媒介，媒體
Mere report is not enough to go upon、僅是傳聞不足為憑、
morgue n、報(bào)刊資料室
news agency 通訊社
news clue 新聞線索
news peg 新聞線索，新聞電頭
newsprint n、新聞
No news is good news、沒(méi)有消息就是好消息；不聞兇訊便是吉。
nose for news 新聞敏感
objectivity n、客觀性
off the record 不宜公開(kāi)報(bào)道
opinion poll 民意瀏驗(yàn)
periodical n、期刊
pipeline n、匿名消息來(lái)源
popular paper 大眾化報(bào)紙；通俗報(bào)紙
press n、報(bào)界；新聞界
press conference 新聞發(fā)布會(huì)；記者招待臺(tái)
press law 新聞法
press release 新聞公告；新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào)
PR man 公關(guān)先生
proofreader n、校對(duì)員
pseudo event 假新聞
quality paper 高級(jí)報(bào)紙；嚴(yán)肅報(bào)紙
quarterly n、季刊
timeliness n、時(shí)效性；時(shí)新性
tip n、內(nèi)幕新聞；秘密消息
trim n、 刪改（稿件）
update n、更新（新聞內(nèi)容），增強(qiáng)（時(shí)效性）
watchdog n、vt、輿論監(jiān)督
weekly n、周報(bào)
freedom of press 新聞自由
secretive interviewing 隱性采訪
news value 新聞價(jià)值
新聞業(yè)務(wù)相關(guān)詞匯
daily 日?qǐng)?bào)
morning edition 晨報(bào)
evening edition 晚報(bào)
quality paper 高級(jí)報(bào)紙
popular paper 大眾報(bào)紙
evening paper 晚報(bào)
government organ 官報(bào)
part organ 黨報(bào)
trade paper 商界報(bào)紙
vernacular paper 本國(guó)文報(bào)紙
political news 政治報(bào)紙
Newspaper Week 新聞周刊
the front page 頭版第一版
bulldog edition 晨版
article 記事
headline 標(biāo)題
banner headline 頭號(hào)大標(biāo)題
byline 標(biāo)題下署名之行
dateline 日期、發(fā)稿地之行
big news 頭條新聞
hot news 最新新聞
exclusive news 獨(dú)家新聞
scoop 特訊
feature 特寫花絮
criticism 評(píng)論
editorial 社論
review comment 時(shí)評(píng)
book review 書評(píng)
topicality 時(shí)事問(wèn)題
city news 社會(huì)新聞
weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào)
flash—news 大新聞
extra 號(hào)外
the sports page 運(yùn)動(dòng)欄
literary criticism 文藝評(píng)論
Sunday features 周日特刊
newsbeat 記者采訪地區(qū)
news blackout 新聞管制
press ban 禁止刊行
yellow sheet 低俗新聞
tabloid 圖片版新聞
"Braille" edition 點(diǎn)字版
newspaper office 報(bào)社
journalist n、新聞?dòng)浾?/p>
kill vt、退棄（稿件）；槍斃（稿件）
layout n、版面編排；版面設(shè)計(jì)
lead n、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)
libel n、 誹謗（罪）
makeup n、 版面設(shè)計(jì)
man of the year 年度新聞人物，年度風(fēng)云人物
mass communication 大眾傳播（學(xué)）
mass media 大眾傳播媒介
master head 報(bào)頭；報(bào)名
Mere report is not enough to go upon、僅是傳聞不足為憑、
morgue n、報(bào)刊資料室
news agency 通訊社
news clue 新聞線索
newsprint n、新聞紙
news value 新聞價(jià)值
No news is good news、沒(méi)有消息就是好消息；不聞兇訊便是吉。
nose for news 新聞敏感
obituary 訃告
objectivity n、客觀性
off the record 不宜公開(kāi)報(bào)道
opinion poll 民意瀏驗(yàn)
periodical n、期刊
pipeline n、匿名消息來(lái)源
popular paper 大眾化報(bào)紙；通俗報(bào)紙
press n、報(bào)界；新聞界
press conference 新聞發(fā)布會(huì)；記者招待臺(tái)
press law 新聞法
press release 新聞公告；新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào)
PR man 公關(guān)先生
profile 人物專訪；人物特寫
proofreader 校對(duì)員
pseudo event 假新聞
quality paper 高級(jí)報(bào)紙；嚴(yán)肅報(bào)紙
quarterly 季刊
readability 可讀性
reader's interest 讀者興越
reject vt、退棄（稿件）
（一）報(bào)紙版面各部分名稱
1、報(bào)耳（ear）
2、報(bào)頭（flag/masterhead/nameplate）
3、標(biāo)題（headline）
4、版口（head margin）
5、當(dāng)日新聞提要（index）
6、插圖（cut）
7、圖片說(shuō)明（cutline）
8、標(biāo)題之一行（deck）
9、署名（by—line）
10、新聞導(dǎo)言（lead）
11、引題（kicker）
12、頭版（frontpage）
（二）報(bào)紙常見(jiàn)欄目名稱
1、City / Local / City Edition/ City Page/ Region 城市
2、National/ Around The Nation/ Domestic/ Home News 國(guó)內(nèi)新聞
3、International / Global 國(guó)際新聞
4、Brief / In Brief / Briefing / Bulletin 摘要
5、Recap 簡(jiǎn)明新聞
6、Pony Report 每日新聞?wù)?/p>
7、Newsline 新聞經(jīng)緯
8、Events And Trends 事件 / 動(dòng)向
9、Exclusive 獨(dú)家報(bào)道
10、Expose 新聞曝光
11、Issue In The News/ Focus/ Hot News 新聞熱點(diǎn)
12、Update / Latest News 最新報(bào)道
13、Feature / News Features / General Features 特寫 （可囊括除新聞以外的.一切報(bào)道）
14、Commentary / Editorial / Opinion / Column / Letters To The Editors 評(píng)論
15、Advertisement： Display Advertising / Classified Advertising——— （Jobs/Auto/Real Estate/ For Sale/ Help Wanted） 廣告
廣告學(xué)英文專業(yè)詞匯
廣告用語(yǔ)
廣告訊息 advertising message
藝術(shù) art
藝術(shù)方向 art direction
藝術(shù)家 artist
美術(shù)總監(jiān) art director
創(chuàng)意 big idea
頭腦風(fēng)暴法 brainstorming
傳播媒介 communications media
概念化 conceptualization
方案人員 copywriter
創(chuàng)意 creative
感性訴求 emotional appeals
控險(xiǎn)家 explorer
事實(shí)型思維 fact—based thinking
信息性 informational
訊息戰(zhàn)略 message strategy
產(chǎn)品概念 product concept
理性訴求 rational appeals
目標(biāo)受眾 target audience
價(jià)值型思維 value—based thinking
文字的 verbal
形象化 visualization
利益式標(biāo)題 benefit headlines
內(nèi)容段落 interior paragraphs
歌謠式 jingles
布局圖 layout
預(yù)備段落 lead—in paragraph
敘述式正文 narrative copy
新聞/信息式標(biāo)題 news/information headlines
出鏡頭 on camera
故事板草圖 storyboard roughs
前期市場(chǎng)企業(yè)廣告 market prep corporate advertising
營(yíng)銷公關(guān) marketing public relation
新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào) news/press release
意見(jiàn)抽樣 opinion sampling
公共關(guān)系
慈善行為 philanthropy
招貼 posters
傳媒炒作 press agentry
傳媒工具 press/media kit
公共事務(wù) public affairs
公共關(guān)系戶 public relations
公共關(guān)系廣告 public relations advertising
宣傳 publicity
公眾 publics
招聘廣告 recruitment advertising
聲望經(jīng)營(yíng) reputation management
撰寫講演稿 speechwriting
贊助 sponsorship
賽場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷 venue marketing
新聞通報(bào)錄像 video news release
Art Director美術(shù)指導(dǎo)
advertising campaign 廣告活動(dòng)
advertising agency 廣告代理商
4A （ American association of advertising agencies） 美國(guó)廣告代理商協(xié)會(huì)
regulatory matters廣告規(guī)章和法規(guī)
agency profit management利潤(rùn)管理
advertising department 廣告部
airport advertising 機(jī)場(chǎng)廣告
Appeal 訴求
area sampling 區(qū)域抽樣
audience share 受眾份額
audio—visual advertising 視聽(tīng)廣告
bid廣告競(jìng)標(biāo)
target market目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)
brand image品牌印象
below—the—line advertising 線下廣告
媒介
media媒介
Management Supervisor監(jiān)管督導(dǎo)
market share市場(chǎng)占有率
Media Department 媒介部
magazine advertising 雜志廣告
專業(yè)性雜志professional magazine
行業(yè)性雜志trade magazine
消費(fèi)者雜志consumer magazine
mail order advertising 郵購(gòu)廣告
mail survey 郵寄調(diào)查
mailing list 寄發(fā)表、直銷需要編制寄發(fā)表
maintenance advertising 維持性廣告
Margin頁(yè)邊空白
market research 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查
market segmentation 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分化
media buying 媒介購(gòu)買、媒介計(jì)劃經(jīng)客戶通過(guò)后，向所采用的媒介訂購(gòu)版面或時(shí)間
media department 媒介部門
media evaluation 媒介評(píng)價(jià)、負(fù)責(zé)媒介評(píng)價(jià)的人員，一般被稱為媒介計(jì)劃員
media kit專冊(cè)，媒介簡(jiǎn)介。免費(fèi)提供給廣告代理商和廣告主
media mix 媒介組合
在同一媒體計(jì)劃中，使用兩種及兩種以上不同的媒介，稱媒介組合。媒介組合所產(chǎn)生的協(xié)同
作用，其總和效果遠(yuǎn)大于各媒體分別相加之和。
media objectives 媒介目標(biāo)。必要的到達(dá)度（reach）和廣告出現(xiàn)的頻（frequency）
media recommendations 媒介介紹
media research 媒介調(diào)查。媒介調(diào)查的目的在于尋找最佳途徑，即正確進(jìn)行媒介選擇
media service 媒介服務(wù)
media strategy 媒介策略
廣播電視
執(zhí)行證明書affidavit of performance
受眾構(gòu)成audience composition
受眾占有率audience share
時(shí)間表avails
一刻平均聽(tīng)眾數(shù)average quarter—hour audience
一刻平均收聽(tīng)率average quarter—hour rating
一刻平均占有率average quarter—hour share
無(wú)線電視broadcast TV
有線電視cable TV
單位成本CPP
千人成本CPM
累積聽(tīng)眾數(shù)cumulative persons
累積收聽(tīng)率cumulative rating
時(shí)段組合day—part mix
預(yù)定市場(chǎng)區(qū)域designated market areas
形象移植imagery transfer
信息式廣告informercial
互相連接interconnect
廣播電視網(wǎng)networks
黃金時(shí)段prime time
節(jié)目式廣告PLA
節(jié)目收率視program rating
節(jié)止編排形式programming formats
視聽(tīng)率調(diào)查服務(wù)公司rating services
電臺(tái)指定時(shí)間run—of—station
贊助sponsorship
點(diǎn)播廣播spot announcement
點(diǎn)播廣播spot radio
受眾總數(shù)total audience
總體受眾計(jì)劃total audience plan
數(shù)字互動(dòng)媒介digital interactive media
媒介策劃media planning
媒介載體media vehicles
訊息力度message weight
驅(qū)動(dòng)值motivation value
看見(jiàn)機(jī)會(huì)opportunity to see
脈沖式pulsing schedule
視聽(tīng)率rating
到達(dá)率reach
每?jī)?cè)讀者數(shù)readers per copy
近期策劃recency planning
路障式roadblocking
外溢媒介spillover media
增效效應(yīng)synergy
電視戶television households
新聞傳播倫理
消費(fèi)者保護(hù)團(tuán)體consumer advocate
消費(fèi)者信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)consumer information networks
消費(fèi)者保護(hù)主義consumerism
版權(quán)copyright
更正廣告corrective advertising