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    5U文學網(wǎng) > 作文 > 作文素材 > literal,literary,literate區(qū)別,literary literal

    literal,literary,literate區(qū)別,literary literal

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    文藝的用英語怎么說

    文藝的的英文:literary

    literary?讀法 英?['l?t(?)(r?)r?]??美?[l?t?r?ri]

    作形容詞的意思是:文學的;書面的;精通文學的

    短語

    1、literary film?身手片 ; 白藝片 ; 藝術(shù)片

    2、literary language?文學語言 ; 標準語 ; 文言

    3、literary federation?文聯(lián)

    4、literary field?文學場域 ; 文學場

    5、literary style?文藝語體 ; 文體風格 ; 文學文體 ; 文言體

    擴展資料

    literary的詞語辨析

    1、literary?有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請這份工作的人應(yīng)會使用電腦。)

    2、literal?文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對一段文章的字面解釋)

    3、We?introduce?you?to?the?concept?and?breakdown?of?literary?genres

    and?give?you?an overview?ofeach.

    我們向你介紹概念和文學體裁的分類并給出每種類型體裁的概述。

    如何才能記住英語詞根?

    北師大英語詞根記憶法

    英語單詞中約90%的詞都是由詞根、前綴、后綴構(gòu)成的,而且都是學生記憶比較困難的詞。將來的考研詞匯、托福詞匯、專業(yè)外語詞匯也是與詞根密不可分的。我做過試驗,讓學生在10分鐘內(nèi)記憶三組同一家族(即同一詞根的)詞,約30個單詞。 隨后檢驗結(jié)果非常好, 即使是學習成績還不算好的學生都差歡嗄薌親 ?四級詞匯所需詞根約150個, 能擴展出近2000單詞。加上高中所學1800單詞, 基本能滿足四級考試所需詞匯。 這里將陸續(xù)推出在我們所學的當代大學英語每一冊各單元的詞匯表中構(gòu)詞力較強的詞根。所以只要你每天抽出10分鐘記憶一個單元的詞,再花10分鐘自測一下,50天堅持下來相信你的詞匯量絕對是今昔非比!而且你學會了一種能力-猜詞,這對你今后的自學、發(fā)展、深造都是一大筆本錢。更重要的是, 這樣記憶的詞不容易忘掉了!

    Unit 1 家族認親-舉一反十

    1.just=right 正

    just: a./adv. 正義的, 公平的;應(yīng)得的;合理的; 剛好

    just price/punishment 公正的價錢/應(yīng)得的懲罰 just now 剛才

    justice: n. 正義, 正直, 司法

    sense of justice 正義感/treat sb with justice 公正地對待某人

    justify: v. 證明…為合理,正當;辯護 [-fy 動詞后綴]

    Nothing can justify your cheating in the exam.

    justifiable: a.可證明為正當?shù)?無可非議的 [-able形容詞后綴]

    justifiable abortion 正當?shù)牧鳟a(chǎn)

    justification: n. 正當理由 He was getting angry, and with justification.

    justified: a. 有正當理由的

    As the goods was damaged, she felt justified in asking for her money back.

    injustice: n. 不公正 [in 否定前綴] eg: Pride and Injustice 傲慢與偏見

    unjust: a. 不公正 [un否定前綴]

    adjust: v. 調(diào)整, 使…適應(yīng) [ad 朝向 + just 正 調(diào)整]

    adjust the watch/the focus of camera/ adjust oneself to

    調(diào)表/調(diào)整焦距/ 使…適應(yīng)

    adjustment: n.

    adjustable: a. 可調(diào)整的

    2. sign=mark 記號, 符號

    sign: n. 記號, 符號; 招牌; 跡象; 手勢 v. 簽名, 示意

    traffic sign 交通燈/deaf-and-dumb signs 聾啞語

    signal: n. 信號;預(yù)兆 [-al名詞前綴]

    signature: n. 簽名 [-ture名詞后綴]

    signify: v. 意味著, 表明 Dark clouds signify rain.

    significant: a. 有意義的, 意味深長的,重要的

    signification: n. 含義

    design: n./v. 設(shè)計, 預(yù)定 [de-加強意義]

    designer: n. fashion designer 服裝設(shè)計師

    designate: v. 表明, 指示; 指定 He was designated as the director.

    assign: v. 指定, 指派,分配 [as-加強意義] eg: assign sb to do sth ;

    assignment: n. 分配的工作, 作業(yè) heavy reading assignment

    assignation: n. 選定, 分配

    resign: v. 辭職, 放棄 [re=off 離去]

    3.center/centre: n. 中心

    central: a. central nervous system/air conditioning 中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng);中央空調(diào)

    centralize: v. 使中心化, 集中 [ ize-動詞后綴]

    concentrate: v. 集中,專心 [con= together ]

    I can’t concentrate my mind on the study.

    4.liter=letter 文字, 字母

    letter: n.信, 字母 ,文學(pl.)

    literature: n. 文學

    literal: a. 文字的, 字面上的 literal translation 字面翻譯

    literary: a. 文學的 literary works/ critics 文學作品; 文學評論

    literate: a.能識字會寫的 Only a few of those peasants(農(nóng)民) are literate.

    Literacy: n. 有文化, 識字 the adult literacy campaign 成人掃盲運動

    illiterate: a. 文盲 [il- 否定前綴] computer illiterate 計算機盲

    semi-literate: 半文盲 [semi=half]

    anti-illiterate: 掃盲 [anti=against]

    Unit 2 家族認親-舉一反十

    1. vac, vacu=empty 空

    vacant: a. 空的, 未被占用的, 空缺的

    比較 blank, empty, vacant, bare vacant: 未被占用的 vacant room/ post /time 空房間;空缺; 空閑時間 blank: 空白的, 未填寫的 blank cheque 空白支票 empty: 空間內(nèi)空無一物; 無人 empty box/house bare: 表面光禿禿, 空無一物 bare hill/head 光禿禿的山; 禿頭

    vacate: v. 使空出, 騰出 vacate the hotel room

    vacation: n. 假期(空閑) be on vacation /go on vacation 度假/summer vacation

    vacancy: n. 空白, 空地, 空缺, 空虛

    fill a vacancy in one’s knowledge 填補知識空白

    vacuum: n./a./v. 真空; 真空的; 使真空

    vacuum cleaner/ packaging 真空吸塵器; 真空包裝

    2. grad, gred=step, grade, go

    grade: n./v. 等級, 分數(shù); 分等, 評分

    in the second grade 二年級 / got grade A in the exam 考試得了A 等

    gradation: n. 等級, 層次, 刻度 gradation on the thermometer 溫度計上的刻度

    gradual: a. 逐漸的, 緩坡的 gradual increase/ recovery 逐步提高/恢復(fù)

    graduate: v./n. 獲得學位,畢業(yè)/準予畢業(yè), 提高, 升級; 大學畢業(yè)生, 畢業(yè)生, 研究生

    v. He graduated from/ was graduated from Oxford. 他從牛津大學畢業(yè)

    The school graduates 2000 students each year. 這個學校每年有2000名畢業(yè)生

    n. a graduate in medicine 醫(yī)科畢業(yè)生;

    graduate course/ school 研究生課程;研究生院

    graduated: a. 畢業(yè)的; 分階段的; 累進的 graduated tax 累進稅

    postgraduate: 研究生

    undergraduate: 本科生

    upgrade: 升級, 提拔; 上坡

    degradation: 降級 [de=down]

    3. press=press, force 壓, 強迫

    press: v./n. 按, 壓, 擠,緊貼, 強迫; 印刷, 出版; 報刊, 出版社, 新聞界

    press the button/ the juice 按按鈕/榨汁; foreign press 外文刊物

    pressing: a. 緊迫的 pressing business/ need 急事; 急需

    pressure: n. 壓力, 強制 blood pressure 血壓/ international pressure 國際壓力

    compress: v. 壓縮 [ com=together]

    depress: v. 壓抑, 使沮喪, 壓下 [ de=down]

    depressed: a. 壓抑的, 沮喪的 feel / be depressed at sth

    depressing: a. 令人壓抑的, 沮喪的 the depressing atmosphere令人壓抑的氣氛

    depression: n. 壓抑

    express: v./a./n. 表達; 壓; 特快的; 快運 [ex=out 往外壓, 擠 表達,加快]

    (1) express oneself 表達自己

    (2) express telegram加急電報/company快遞公司/train 特快列車

    (3) by express 特快/ express way 高速公路

    expression: n. 表達, 詞句, 措辭; 表情

    common expression 普通用語/facial expression 面部表情

    impress: v. 印, 蓋印; 留下印象 [im=in 印到里面 留下印象]

    be impressed by對…留下印象/ impressed stamp 蓋過戳的郵票

    impression: n. 印象, 蓋印 He made an impression on her. 他給她留下深刻的印象

    impressive: a. 給人深刻印象的, 感人的

    suppress: v. 壓制, 抑制 suppress the book 查禁這本書; suppress a yawn 忍住哈欠

    4. vit, viv, vig=life 生命

    vitamin: n. 維他命, 維生素

    This vegetable contains vitamins. 這種蔬菜包含多種維他命

    vivid: a. 鮮艷的, 活潑的, 生動的 vivid color/ girl/ description(描述)

    survive: v. 幸存(于); 比…長命 [ sur-超過]

    survive (after) the earthquake(地震)/ survive sb three years

    同類名詞變化形式 v. n. arrive -arrival survive-survival revive—revival approve—approval remove—removal

    survival: n. 幸存 [-al 名詞后綴]

    survivor: n. 幸存者

    revive: v. 復(fù)活 [re=again]

    revival: n. 復(fù)活

    vital: a. 生命的; 充滿活力的;

    生死攸關(guān)的; 至關(guān)重要的

    It is vital to keep secret.

    5. auto=self 自己

    automobile: n. [ auto=(self); mobile=(移動)] 汽車

    automatic: a. 自動的

    automatically: adv.

    automation: n. 自動化

    autobiography: n. [auto=(self); bio=(life); graphy=(writing) 自我人生的描述]

    自傳

    autobiographer: n. 自傳作家

    autonomy: n. [nomy=(法) 自己的法] 自治, 自治權(quán), 自主權(quán)

    autonomous: a. 自治的, 自主的

    Unit 3

    家族認親---舉一反十

    1. equ,equi=equal

    equal: a. 相等的, 勝任的 be equal to 能勝任…的

    n. 對等的人或物 the equal of = the equivalent of;

    He has no equal in music. 在音樂方面無人能與他匹敵

    v. 比得上, 等于 None of us can equal him in English.

    equality: n. 平等, 同等 [ty 名詞后綴]

    equate: v. 等同于 Wealth should not be equated with happiness.

    equator: n. 赤道

    equation: n. 方程式, 等式

    equivalent: a./n. 相等的, 等價的相應(yīng)物, 等價物 [val-價值(value)]

    be equivalent to sth/doing

    That would be equivalent to teaching him not to meddle in my affairs.

    那就等于叫他別來干涉我的事

    the equivalent of

    A refrigerator that costs/is the equivalent of a whole year’s salary

    一個相當于一年工資的冰箱

    equivalence: n. 等價, 等效; 等意

    equivocal: a. 含糊其辭的, 曖昧的 [voc=voice]

    eg: equivocal reply/

    literal的名詞

    literal的名詞是literalness.

    literalness:n.直白性;字面性;字面的;字面義。 擴展資料

    The human social development history is also a figure-symbol-literalness to develop the history.

    人類社會的發(fā)展史也是圖形符號文字的發(fā)展史。

    This text put great emphasis on discussing the basic function of language literalness and it is at the characteristics that the new development of period history change.

    本文著重論述了語言文字的一些基本功能以及它在新的`歷史時期發(fā)展變化的特點。

    His rigid translation of this literary work border on literalness.

    他對這部文學作品的生硬翻譯近乎刻板。

    To solve this problem can help us to neutralize the theoretical doubt on the being and meaning of micro-blog creation literalness.

    解決這一問題,同時可以幫助我們化解對微博客創(chuàng)作文學性存在意義的理論質(zhì)疑。

    Methods The distress warning system in 120 computer managing software was supplemented with a printing output module to alter the mode of passing patients' call address, contact phone number by recording or dictating to by literalness.

    方法在120計算機管理軟件的求救報警系統(tǒng)中增設(shè)打印輸出模塊,改變原來用記錄或口述傳遞病人求救地址、聯(lián)系電話號碼的方式,以文字形式進行傳遞,參考執(zhí)行。

    專八閱讀

    熟悉規(guī)律方法:首先,語法;再則,段落主旨的歸納;最后,錯題歸納,在文章中重新找一遍,不看答案。98-2004,做地點排除練習,不做時間定點做題。2005-2011做定點做題,同時2012-2015控制時間。

    一、八級閱讀考查的總要領(lǐng)

    1. 略讀 (skim): 文章大意

    2.? 掃讀 (scan) :細節(jié)點,如人名、地名特定信息

    ? 3.? 研讀 (study) : 段落邏輯 、上下文指代、 段落主旨

    課程講解順序

    1. 有句法結(jié)構(gòu)到單句閱讀

    2.? 有單句閱讀到段落主旨歸納

    ? 3.? 有段落主旨歸納到解題技巧

    二、如何處理單詞和閱讀的關(guān)系

    1. 過詞而不是背詞 ? 把熟練程度分開,過詞即認識其一個意思,因為背多忘多。不認識、不太熟悉的詞放在閱讀中去記

    ? 2. 控制背詞時間,增加閱讀時間

    ? 3.? 理想的過詞順序 什么時間點背詞

    措施: 早上騰出半小時,把能過的單詞過一下,過時采取不同順序,標記認識和不認識的。中午、下午過同樣的單詞。過詞時間長,背詞短。因為背詞使得放在文章中就讀不懂了。而放在句中記可以讓我們提高上下文理解能力

    三、一些已經(jīng)在八級改錯中出現(xiàn)的 混淆 詞

    1. conscious/conscientious

    Awareness /

    2. literal/literary

    3. imaginary/imaginative

    四、語法需分三步走

    1.? 五種語言現(xiàn)象

    2. 否定和因果結(jié)構(gòu)

    轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、否定必讀

    ? 3.? 看清省略、指代暗示

    副詞表程度,可放在形容詞和動詞;名詞、副詞+形容詞可放在名詞前面

    技巧(定位)→沒技巧→基礎(chǔ)→字句歸納

    As early as elementary school, we are told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is?why so many U.S. lawmakers framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of school lunch line. (2010 年?TEXT B)

    翻譯:早在小學的時候,就有人告訴我們插隊是不道德行為,這也是為什么諸多美國國會議員將移民辯論視為類似于學校午餐插隊那樣的惡行。

    The other problem that arises from the employment is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who?is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who?must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks.

    翻譯: 由雇傭引起的另一個問題是工作女性的問題。體現(xiàn)在兩方面:一方面妻子比丈夫更成功,另一個是妻子在家務(wù)方面嚴重?依賴于丈夫的幫助 。

    限定形定語從句和非限定定語從句的差別:

    前者為限定修飾,經(jīng)常前置處理

    后者為非限定修飾,做補充說明,經(jīng)常后置

    名詞that句子,名詞在后面的句子中有成分

    主語:名詞who 句子;名詞?which 句子;名詞?that 句子;名詞,?which/who…?

    賓語:whom/which/that/省略;

    所有格:whose/of which;

    地點:at which/in which/where;

    時間:at which/in which/when)

    What does?this thing that? people cannot escape ?consist of these days??And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation,?address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that? income comes fourth ?is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth. (2011 年?TEXT C)

    1、 開門見山

    直接出現(xiàn)主旨

    2、 拋磚引玉

    轉(zhuǎn)折后出現(xiàn)主旨

    3、 現(xiàn)象解釋

    常見于散文,先描述現(xiàn)象,而解釋往往是主旨

    4、 問題回答

    開篇是問題,回答很可能是主旨

    中文翻譯過來不是轉(zhuǎn)折,但在英文中是

    1、But, Nevertheless, However, Yet, while, though, although

    2、 實際上: Actually, In fact, As a matter of fact, Indeed, Rather, Instead,

    3、 和 “ 震驚、不幸、諷刺、矛盾 ” :Astonishingly, Surprisingly, Shockingly,?Stunningly, Startlingly, Unfortunately, Satirically, Ironically, Paradoxically

    4、 Most people believe that… But…/It is often thought that…But…/Typically,?…./Historically, …/Conventionally, ….

    1、 時間、地點具體化

    如作者具體化他的經(jīng)歷

    2、出現(xiàn)一些不認識的人物

    3、試驗的過程

    用于證明觀點,會有證明過程,會妨礙理解。但事件的體現(xiàn)和結(jié)果是主旨

    4、敘述的過程

    小說常見,容易陷進敘事中,忘記題目

    1.閱讀不是翻譯,翻譯時第二遍閱讀

    ?2.?段落主旨歸納是閱讀的本,即READING COMPREHENSION

    ?3.?首位轉(zhuǎn)折是關(guān)鍵

    ?4.?開篇段如果有具體化跡象需要找 主題觀點(現(xiàn)象解釋才是真)

    ?5.?注意 反問句(語氣弦外之音才是真)

    ?6.?查收細節(jié)是假,段落主旨歸納、大意理解是真

    一、定位方法

    1 )出題者知道你會定位 ?

    招法 ?1 :定位模糊

    2011年TEXT D

    The description of the?couple’s clothes and behavior ?at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of

    A.secrecy秘密的,文章中的furtive

    B.elation得意洋洋的

    C.superiority優(yōu)越感,與文章剛好相反??筛鶕?jù)ity猜測其意思

    D.awkwardness概括了shy和blush

    The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.

    A newly married?pair ?had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's? face? was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-colored hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in?a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were ?furtive and?shy.

    The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She ?wore a dress?of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She ?continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes?caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines. They were evidently very happy. ?(這里是心態(tài),題目為穿著)"Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight.

    招法 ?2 :問單句的意思,而不是全文的主旨(對文章的精度考察)

    16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?

    A. It further explains high-tech hubris.

    B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.

    C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.

    D.It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.

    For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in?more paper than ever before.

    But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales — despite a healthy economic scene.

    招法 ?3 :實詞和代詞交錯,擴大尋找范圍( 用she.he之類一直導下去)

    題目:27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of

    A. environmental value.

    B.commercial value.

    C. potential value for tourism.

    D. great value for livelihood.

    Now elsewhere in the world, ?Iceland ?may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’ s last?pristine wilderness. ? But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders .?Certainly ?they? were connected to their land, the way one?is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But ?the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own ?inhabitants .?Fo r?them?the land ?has always just been there, something that had?to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as?commodity ? rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

    總結(jié):

    1 )先看題,由 名詞 定位到原文、順序查詢

    1、名詞不可改,但動詞和形容詞易改

    2、尋找大寫字母

    3、有時可用標點符號定位,如名詞-名詞

    2)注意指代前后串接

    3 )堅持段落主旨的歸納

    4) 堅持首尾必讀、轉(zhuǎn)折必讀

    句子閱讀(長難句) -段落主旨歸納-題型-開查

    長句和難句的區(qū)別在哪里?

    1) 長句 的 語序 干擾大

    2) 難句 主要在 否定、比較級和因果結(jié)構(gòu)多

    3)前者只是讀著慢,后者經(jīng)常讀錯,一旦針對性出題就會出問題

    4)前者頻率高,讀熟了就好、后者出現(xiàn)頻率低,一出就要命。

    大部分能找主謂賓,但比較句子結(jié)構(gòu)找不到,是平行結(jié)構(gòu)

    難句結(jié)構(gòu) 1 :比較平衡性 ( 復(fù)雜比較級)

    1)?not so much A as B:與其說?a,不如說?b

    ?2)less(more) A than B:與其說a(b),不如說b(a)

    3)anything but 一點不和?nothing but不過雙重否定

    4) A is none other than B不是a就是b/nothing more than=only

    5)句子比較級

    例子: As a matter of fact, each advance in social levels is?anything (nothing) but?certain progress in tools and instruments.社會進步都是(都只不過是)工具的進步

    句子比較級:Human beings are consuming water?faster than?they run out of food.(人們消耗水的速度比他們消耗食物的速度快)

    用比較級的寫法暗示最高級 :No?creatures have received more praises and abuses than a kind of common garden snail.

    句子比較級:But Descartes and Hobbes didn’t?think of themselves?as those modern philosophers do.(“笛卡爾和霍布斯沒有把自己看做現(xiàn)代哲學家”為什么是錯誤的)他們沒有像當代哲學家一樣看待自己

    句子比較級:Hardly had I done when I did.(Hardly?had?I entered when the?telephone rang.)

    1.?owing to; due to 名詞

    ?2.?thanks to好事?

    3.?As a result of/Consequently中性

    4.out of感情上的

    ?5.?for the sake of/By means of/By virtue of?

    ?6.as/since短語式

    ?7.?動詞結(jié)構(gòu)

    1.?ascribe A to B(原因在后結(jié)果在前,之所以a是因為b);attribute to(名詞?be attributed to+名詞)

    2.A can be ascribed to B(A can be attributed to B)

    The scarcity of deer in Texas?can be ascribed to?the emergence of some?insects called the spiral flies.?(之所以鹿少是因為…)

    3.?contribute A to B(之所以...是因為…)?和?A contribute to B(a導致b)?

    4.?owe A to B(把A歸因于B)

    owe one’s success to:之所以成功,是因為

    大部分能找主謂賓,但比較句子結(jié)構(gòu)找不到,是平行結(jié)構(gòu)

    1.? 用介詞判斷: A originate from B/A can be traced back to B/A arise from B/A?result in B/A result from B

    2.? 主系表判斷:

    be responsible for對……負責;是……的原因

    A is to blame for B?A是B的責任

    Several medical studies?show that too much cigarette smoking can be responsible for various kinds of chronic diseases ranging from hypertension to lunch cancer.吸煙要對各種各樣的慢性疾病負責

    1. have something to do with ?

    2. Involve 和... 相關(guān)

    ? 3.? be linked with

    ? 4. be associated to

    ? 5.? be related to: 與 ... 相關(guān)

    If something happens until a particular time, it happens before that time comes, and stops at that time. (主謂賓?at/on/in/during/until 時間)

    如: I left the office at six.

    改:I didn’t?leave the office until?six o’clock.我6點才離開辦公室

    改:It was not until six o’clock that I left the office.

    改:Not until six o’clock did I leave the office.

    例句:The organizing committee discussed four and half hours before?announcing that the decision would stand.主委會討論了半小時才確立這個決定

    unless: if not

    few/a few, little/a little

    seldom/hardly/never

    other than/instead of doing/rather than do

    例句:Instead of doing their part in improving the air quality in Beijing,

    注意:名詞的修飾句,一般比較短時,名詞挪后。如果句子為主語

    fail to do something/refuse to

    overlook/neglect/ignore/deprive somebody of something/decline/

    dis-under-im-un

    free from/be far from being/less than/be in short of/too..to…

    would have done/would not have done

    1)文章主旨(少)、作者態(tài)度(多)、段落主旨(很少)文章架構(gòu),一定拿分

    2)細節(jié)查找→取非題→詞匯指代題文章細節(jié)

    3)推導、句子含義和修辭文章句子

    定位之后又和原文最大相近性的改寫,通常為形容詞 - 動詞

    注意否定詞的出現(xiàn): no, would(not)have, too, few, little, hardly, seldom,?barely, less, fail to, refuse to, lack, rather than, instead of, be far from being….; be in short of; dis-, im-, un, until, before

    動詞、形容詞和否定詞的改寫

    就近排查不存在的名詞

    最高級的選項 (est/the most/the least)

    名詞前面的限定語(形容詞)、情態(tài)動詞( will-must-can-may-might )、助動詞、

    絕對化限定詞: all, just, only

    如文章junk food contains sugar(一般現(xiàn)在時是指常規(guī)性,規(guī)律性的),答案sugar can be found in some junk food ,這是可以的。反過來是錯的,因為是真理性答案

    May是可能,would 和would have是可能性更大

    1 )文章主旨題的問題方式

    What is the central (main) idea of this passage?

    What is the best topic of this passage?

    What is this passage mainly about?

    What is the main purpose of this passage ??

    2 )解題方法

    方法1:瀏覽各段首尾句、尤其是第一段和最后一段的首尾句

    方法2:段落主旨不等于文章主旨

    1 )提問方法

    What is the tone of this passage?

    What is the author’s attitude towards …

    2 )解題方法

    注意 attitude 后面的詞,通常是定位點,回找原文

    復(fù)習一些和態(tài)度有關(guān)的詞

    正面態(tài)度、負面態(tài)度、中性、褒貶

    中立:neutral(中立的), positive(積極的), negative(消極的)

    主觀和客觀:objective(客觀的), subjective(主觀的)

    辯證:dialectical(辯證的), rational(理性的), justified(合理的),reserved(有保留的)

    冷漠:indifferent, detached, uninterested, unsympathetic

    熱情:enthusiastic, passionate, zeal

    樂觀:optimistic(樂觀), pessimistic(悲觀)

    偏見:prejudicial, partial, biased,

    公正:impartial, disinterested(公正的), compromising

    懷疑:dubious, skeptical, speculative, ambiguous(模棱兩可的)

    確信:appreciative, approval, assured, convinced, conclusive(結(jié)論的)

    廣泛:comprehensive(廣泛的), qualified(限定的)

    贊揚批評:praiseworthy(值得贊揚的), critical(批評的),scornful(蔑視的)

    1 )提問方法:

    Why the author mentioned …

    The author cited … in order to…

    The author mentioned … in order to show (illustrate/demonstrate)…

    2 )解題方法

    例證本身如果復(fù)雜,定位段落主題句

    提問方法:

    The word in line?…?probably means…

    解題方法:

    定位原文,“怪詞”要根據(jù)上下文判定單詞的大致意思。

    定位原文,認識的詞匯要注意熟詞僻意

    提問方法 :?

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

    All the following is true EXCEPT?…

    Which of the following is INCORRECT?

    解題方法:

    注意文章中列舉的位置

    可以采取反向閱讀方法從D選項讀起

    注意:取非題和詞匯題都是從文章細節(jié)中查找

    喻體考察對單詞和語法依托太強,所以不會做就跳過。先做主題,再是not,然后是推導

    提問方法:

    It can be implied/inferred/suggested/learned from the passage?that …

    解題方法 :

    1、注意段落主旨的歸納,名為句子定位,其實是段落大意

    2、注意選項的錯誤改寫方法

    3、總結(jié)難句結(jié)構(gòu)

    1、定位,放在文章中去找

    2、是單詞本意肯定不是喻體,偏離本意(有所夸張,或者衍生)是喻體

    1.?According to the passage 原則,如果找不到正確答案,就尋找錯誤答案的跡象。?

    2.無關(guān)名詞、最高級、無關(guān)比較級別。

    ?3.?限定語,如名詞前面的形容詞、副詞限定、情態(tài)動詞

    ?4.?能說出錯誤選項的理由。

    1、多讀

    2、通過段落排查,盡量保證第一道題和最后一道題的爭取率

    3、對選項進行排查

    4、挑選字數(shù)較多的選項

    1、長難句閱讀精度

    2、段落主旨歸納

    3、定位查詢和排除

    1.? 段落主旨概要、作者態(tài)度

    ? 2.? 詞匯的含義和指代

    ? 3. 句子基本含義的理解

    ? 4. 細節(jié)查詢和組織

    1. 大意理解

    2.?基本拼讀能力

    3.?查找能力

    4.組織和寫單句的能力

    1.?審題

    ?2.?定位原文

    ?3.?上下文瀏覽

    ?4.?選詞詞匯,短語,短句

    1.?用單詞和短語,少用句子寫翻易出錯

    ?2.?寫簡單句

    ?3.?句子的基本形式是什么

    1. 主賓的成分是什么?

    2. 名詞、動名詞

    3. 不定式??it is adj to do...

    4. What 引導名詞化從句

    1. 名詞+動詞+名詞(主謂賓)

    2.名詞+系表動詞+名詞(主系表)

    3.There be+名詞+地點(某地方有某物)

    4.It is 形容詞?for somebody to do something

    5. 被動語態(tài)

    1. 定冠詞和不定冠詞

    2. 介詞

    3.系表類型動詞

    4. 基本成分排列:

    時間,名詞+動詞+名詞+方法+地點+時間

    例句:一對男女在我身后大聲交談。

    翻譯:A man and a woman were talking loudly behind me.

    翻譯:A man and a woman behind me were talking loudly behind me.

    1. (定冠/不定冠詞)名詞+動詞+名詞

    2. 名詞+seem/appear/remain/become形容詞 主系表

    3. 被動句:名詞can be過去分詞+方法+地點

    方法1:盡量用短語回答問題

    方法2:注意上下文查找、近義詞改寫

    方法3:濃縮句子結(jié)構(gòu)

    方法4:能用形容詞不后置

    能用介詞短語少用分詞和從句

    需要寫句子嚴守五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)

    方法5:充分利用真題做練習

    注意:It指代已提到的物體和動物、看不出性別的事物,再則是最近的事物

    注意復(fù)習一下態(tài)度詞,轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、否定必讀,段落主旨歸納是把定位,理解句子意思后做總結(jié)

    解題方法:

    注意上下文和熟詞僻意

    注意文章中的名詞重現(xiàn)和指代替換位置,

    跳過一些陌生單詞

    注意文字標注

    1、 都涉及單句閱讀理解

    ? 2、 都涉及段落主旨歸納二、如果閱讀過程中讀不懂怎么辦

    1)看一下文章的主題句,即首位必讀、轉(zhuǎn)折必讀

    2)用前期題目進行精讀練習?

    3)用中期題目進行做題練習

    4)用后期題目進行統(tǒng)練、控制做題時間

    3、中期題目和后期題目至少兩遍

    1第一遍按照方法做題,練習定點、排除

    2第二遍分析錯題,尤其說出錯誤選項的理由

    3不要將答案畫在選項上

    98-05練習段落主旨歸納,不要做題,3-4周,讀到有語感和練習長難句

    05-10,嚴格按照做題套路

    10-15,模擬考試

    做錯題,分析答案,不要記答案

    形容詞(80個)

    (1) 品質(zhì)形容詞和關(guān)系形容詞

    英語中的品質(zhì)形容詞用來描述事物的品質(zhì),所以可以用比較級。比如四級階段的important和significant等就可以用作比較級。 而關(guān)系形容詞則是用來說明事物之間相互關(guān)系的,他們由于詞義的緣故,本身不能用比較級。比如四級階段的simultaneous (同時的),mutual (相互的), inevitable (不可避免的), 和eternal (永恒的)等,就沒有比較級。

    六級詞匯大綱中不能用作比較級的常見形容詞還有:

    Absolute (絕對的,十足的) chief (首席的) complete (完全的、徹底的) excellent (優(yōu)秀的、卓越的) exceptional (例外的、特例的) exclusive (專有的、獨家的) fatal (致命的) favorite (喜歡的、鐘愛的) final (最終的、最后的) infinite (無限的) main (最主要的) major (主要的) minor (次要的) perfect (完美的、極好的) primary (最初的、首要的) right (正確的) sufficient (足夠的) supreme (最高的、至上的) thorough (完全的、徹底的) unanimous (一致同意) universal (宇宙的) utter (徹底的) vital (至關(guān)重要的) whole (整個的) 等。

    (2) 動態(tài)形容詞和靜態(tài)形容詞

    根據(jù)形容詞的意義區(qū)分,英語中間大多數(shù)形容詞屬于靜態(tài)形容詞,它們一般不能用在祈使句當中,而部分形容詞則很有動作的意義,它們則可以用在祈使句中。靜態(tài)形容詞的典型例子有reasonable (合理的) stable (穩(wěn)定的) 而動態(tài)形容詞的典型例子有rational (理性的、合理的) steady (穩(wěn)健的、穩(wěn)固的、扎實的)。

    靜態(tài)和動態(tài)概念也是區(qū)分形容詞近義詞的重要途徑。在四、六級大綱中,其它常見的靜態(tài)形容詞和動態(tài)形容詞比較的對子還有:economic (經(jīng)濟的、經(jīng)濟學的) economical (節(jié)儉的、節(jié)約的) fast (快速的、快的) quick (急促的、快速的) grave (嚴肅的、嚴重的) serious (認真地、嚴肅的)。

    (3) 表語形容詞和定語形容詞

    形容詞在英語中的語法作用因語境而不同,有些形容詞既可以做定語,也可以做表語,但是有些卻只能做表語,而另一些則只能做定語。只能做表語的形容詞被歸類為表語形容詞,比如大綱中的ill (生病的,如果該詞用作定語,它的意思則是壞的,惡意的)與sick (生病的,既可用作標語,也可用作定語) alive (活著的,只能用作表語) 與lively (生動的、活潑的) , alone (獨自,孤獨,只能用作表語) 與lonely(孤獨的,寂寞的,既可以用作表語,也可以用作定語) afraid(害怕,恐懼,只能用作表語) 與fearful (恐怕的,害怕,既可以用作定語,也可以用作標語) able (能夠,只能用作表語)與capable (有能力的,既可以用作表語,也可以用作定語) , glad (高興的,只能用作表語) happy (高興得,愉快的,既可以作表語,又可以作定語)。

    新四級詞匯大綱中其它只能用作表語的形容詞:aware (意識到的,覺察到的) well (身體健康的)worth (值得的) awake (醒著的,未睡著的) ashamed (害羞的) content (滿意的) sure (確信的) alike (相像的、相似的) asleep(睡著的) fond (喜歡的、愛好的) sorry (傷心的、難過的) unable (不能,沒有能力)。

    新四級詞匯大綱中其它只能用作定語的形容詞: daily (每日一次的、日常的) weekly (每周一次的,按周的) monthly (每月一次的、按月的) yearly (按年的、每年一次的) former (前面的、前者的) latter (后面的、后者的)elder (較年長的) inner (內(nèi)側(cè)的、靠內(nèi)側(cè)的) outer (外側(cè)的、靠外側(cè)的) occasional (偶爾的) utter (全然的、絕對的) spare (備用的、多余的) wooden (木質(zhì)的、木頭做的)golden (金子做的、金的)

    (4) 近形異義形容詞

    在英語形容詞當中,有許多形容詞形式非常相近,但是意思卻差別很大,而四、六級考生卻經(jīng)常容易弄混。本文從辨析的角度給大家提供完型高分的解決辦法:比如rough (粗略的、粗糙的、粗暴的) tough (強硬的、艱苦的、粗暴的); rare (稀罕的、珍貴的、半熟的) bare (赤裸的、無遮蔽的、空的); complimentary (恭維的、夸獎的、稱贊的) complementary(補充的、補足的)effective (有效果的,有效的) efficient (有效率的);

     新四級詞匯大綱中這類形容詞還有:adapted (適合的) adopted (被收養(yǎng)的、被采用的); apparent (明顯的、顯然的) transparent (透明的、明晰的); artificial (人工的、假的、非自然的) superficial (表面的、膚淺的); brief (簡明的、扼要的) grief (悲傷、不幸、傷心事); causal (因果的,有因果關(guān)系的) casual (隨意的,隨便的) ; cautious (小心謹慎的、仔細的) conscious (有意識的、有覺悟的); complimentary (恭維的,贊譽的) complementary (補充的、補足的); compulsory (強制的、必修的) compulsive (強迫癥的、禁不住的);conducive (有利的、有益的 be conducive to) conductive (導體的,有傳導能力的) ; constant (不變的、持續(xù)的、堅決的) consistent (一致的、連貫的);consequent (作為結(jié)果的、隨后發(fā)生的) subsequent (并發(fā)的、后來的); descriptive (描述的) prescriptive (規(guī)定性的、處方的); deliberate (故意的,有意的) elaborate (復(fù)雜的,精心制作的,精細的); effective (有效果的) efficient (有效率的); elusive (難懂得,難捉摸的) illusive(錯覺的、迷惑人的);ethnical(種族的) ethical(倫理的、道德的); furious (暴怒的,激烈的) curious (好奇的);imminent(即將來臨的,逼近的)prominent (顯著的,突出的); important (重要的、重大的) impotent (無力的、虛弱的、性無能的、) lovely (可愛的) lively (活潑的、生動的); later (后來,隨后) latter (后者、后來的);literal (字面的) liberal (自由的); literary (文學的) literate (有學問的、會讀書的) ; natural (自然的) neutral (中立的); obvious (明顯的、顯然的) obscure (無名的、模糊的) ; personal (個人的) personnel (人事的); affective (情感的、與感情有關(guān)的) effective (有效果的) infective (會傳染的、易傳染的); primitive (原始的) primary (基本的、首要的); popular (流行的、受歡迎的) populous (人口稠密的); rigorous (嚴格的、嚴酷的、嚴峻的) vigorous (精力旺盛的、有活力的); prospective (有希望的,有前景的) perspective (透視圖、透視的畫法); protective(保護性的) preventative (防御性的); simultaneous (同時的) spontaneous (自發(fā)的); specific (具體的) special (特殊的); technological (科技的、技術(shù)的、因技術(shù)進步而引起的) technical (技術(shù)的、技巧的);virtual(虛擬的、實質(zhì)上的)virtuous(善良的、道德的)

    (5) 同根異義形容詞

    Additional (附加的、另外的) additives (附加的、添加的、附加劑); affective (情感的,與情感有關(guān)的) affectionate (慈愛的,充滿愛意的);comparable (可比較的、比較的) comparative (比較級的、比較的); comprehensive (綜合的) comprehensible (可以理解的); conceivable (可能的、想象得到的) conceptive (概念上的,有想象的); considerable(大量的、可觀的) considerate (體貼的、善解人意的); continual (持續(xù)的,反復(fù)發(fā)生的) continuous (連續(xù)的、持續(xù)不斷的); deceivable (可騙的) deceptive (欺騙性的、容易使人上當?shù)?; decided (堅定的、果斷的) decisive (決定性的、確定的); definite (肯定的,明確的,限定的) definitive (權(quán)威性的,確定的); democratic (民主的) demographic (人口學的) destructive (破壞性的,具有毀滅性的)destructible (可摧毀的,可破壞的); disinterested (無偏見的、無私欲的) uninterested (不感興趣的);distinct (清楚的、明顯的) distinctive (獨特的、與眾不同的);distinguished (著名的、聞名的) distinguishable (可以區(qū)分的);economic (經(jīng)濟學的) economical (節(jié)儉的、經(jīng)濟的); educational (教育的、與教育學有關(guān)的) educative (有教育意義的); electrical (電學的) electronic (電子學的) electric(以電為動力的); exhaustive (詳細的,詳盡的) exhaustible (可耗盡的,會枯竭的); explicit (講述的,清除明白的); extinct (滅絕的,絕種的) extinctive (趨于滅絕的,使滅絕的); implicit (暗示的,含蓄的,盲從的); farther (更遠的)further (進一步的); favorable(有利的) favorite (喜愛的,鐘愛的) favored (被優(yōu)惠的,最優(yōu)惠的); gracious (親切的,高尚的) graceful (優(yōu)美的) ; handy (手邊的、就近的) handful (一把,少數(shù)); healthy (健康的) healthful (有益健康的); historic (歷史性的、有歷史意義的) historical (歷史學的、歷史上的); heterogeneous (不同種類的,異類的) homogeneous (同種類的、同類的);heterosexual (異性戀的) homosexual(同性戀的); honorable (尊敬的、可敬的、光榮的) honorary (榮譽的、名譽的) ; imaginative (想象力豐富的、富于想象力的) imaginable(可以想象的、值得想象的) imaginary (想象中的,想象出來的); incredible(令人難以置信的)incredulous(懷疑的,不輕信的);industrial (工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的) industrious (勤勞的,勤奮的); informed(見多識廣的,消息靈通的)informative(信息飽滿的,增進知識的);instructional (教育的,指導的) instructive (有教育意義的); intelligent (明智的、聰明的) intelligible (可以理解,可以讀懂的); lawless (不受法律的、法律不及的)unlawful (不合法的,非法的) ; lovable (值得愛的、可愛的) lovely (可愛的、活潑的); numerical (數(shù)字的、用數(shù)字表示的) numerous (大量的、眾多的、無數(shù)的); populated (有人居住地) populous (人口密集的); respective (分別的、各自的) respectful (尊敬的、敬重的) respectable (值得尊敬的、可敬的); responsible(負責人的、責任心強的) responsive (踴躍的、活躍的); satisfactory (滿意的) satisfying (令人滿意的) satisfied (滿意的); sensible (理智的) sensitive (敏感的、靈敏的); successive (連續(xù)的、繼承的) successful (成功的) ; tolerant (有忍耐力的) tolerable (可以容忍的) valuable (值錢的、珍貴的)valueless (不值錢的、無價值的) invaluable (無價的、彌足珍貴的)

    (6) 形容詞的情感色彩

    在英語的形容詞辨析中,情感色彩構(gòu)成了一個重要的區(qū)分坐標,褒貶分明是形容詞學習的重要內(nèi)容。比如childish (孩子氣的,幼稚的)明顯含有貶義,而 childlike (孩子般的,天真的)就沒有這個含義;再比如conceited (驕傲的、自大的)就有貶低的意思,而 proud (驕傲自豪)則是個中性詞,可以為什么而自豪。從情感色彩的角度出發(fā),很容易辨析完型填空中出現(xiàn)的形容詞辨析題。

    大綱中常見的類似形容詞還有: continual (持續(xù)的,反復(fù)發(fā)生的) continuous (連續(xù)的、持續(xù)不斷的); dramatic (引人注目的,令人吃驚的)drastic (激烈的、極短的、劇烈的); excess (過量的、過多地、超過合理限度的) excessive (數(shù)量上或程度上超過了所能忍受的限度); exhausted (耗盡的、筋疲力盡的) exhaustive (詳盡的、無遺漏的); intense (強烈的、劇烈的、緊張的) intensive (精深的、透徹的);long (長的) lengthy (冗長的); mass (巨大的、大眾的) massive(巨大的、規(guī)模、程度上因為大而給人留下深刻印象); odd (古怪的、奇怪的) strange (陌生的,奇怪的);

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