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    5U文學(xué)網(wǎng) > 作文 > 作文素材 > literal,literary,literate區(qū)別,literary literal

    literal,literary,literate區(qū)別,literary literal

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    文藝的用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)

    文藝的的英文:literary

    literary?讀法 英?['l?t(?)(r?)r?]??美?[l?t?r?ri]

    作形容詞的意思是:文學(xué)的;書(shū)面的;精通文學(xué)的

    短語(yǔ)

    1、literary film?身手片 ; 白藝片 ; 藝術(shù)片

    2、literary language?文學(xué)語(yǔ)言 ; 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ) ; 文言

    3、literary federation?文聯(lián)

    4、literary field?文學(xué)場(chǎng)域 ; 文學(xué)場(chǎng)

    5、literary style?文藝語(yǔ)體 ; 文體風(fēng)格 ; 文學(xué)文體 ; 文言體

    擴(kuò)展資料

    literary的詞語(yǔ)辨析

    1、literary?有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請(qǐng)這份工作的人應(yīng)會(huì)使用電腦。)

    2、literal?文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對(duì)一段文章的字面解釋)

    3、We?introduce?you?to?the?concept?and?breakdown?of?literary?genres

    and?give?you?an overview?ofeach.

    我們向你介紹概念和文學(xué)體裁的分類(lèi)并給出每種類(lèi)型體裁的概述。

    如何才能記住英語(yǔ)詞根?

    北師大英語(yǔ)詞根記憶法

    英語(yǔ)單詞中約90%的詞都是由詞根、前綴、后綴構(gòu)成的,而且都是學(xué)生記憶比較困難的詞。將來(lái)的考研詞匯、托福詞匯、專(zhuān)業(yè)外語(yǔ)詞匯也是與詞根密不可分的。我做過(guò)試驗(yàn),讓學(xué)生在10分鐘內(nèi)記憶三組同一家族(即同一詞根的)詞,約30個(gè)單詞。 隨后檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果非常好, 即使是學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)還不算好的學(xué)生都差歡嗄薌親 ?四級(jí)詞匯所需詞根約150個(gè), 能擴(kuò)展出近2000單詞。加上高中所學(xué)1800單詞, 基本能滿(mǎn)足四級(jí)考試所需詞匯。 這里將陸續(xù)推出在我們所學(xué)的當(dāng)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)每一冊(cè)各單元的詞匯表中構(gòu)詞力較強(qiáng)的詞根。所以只要你每天抽出10分鐘記憶一個(gè)單元的詞,再花10分鐘自測(cè)一下,50天堅(jiān)持下來(lái)相信你的詞匯量絕對(duì)是今昔非比!而且你學(xué)會(huì)了一種能力-猜詞,這對(duì)你今后的自學(xué)、發(fā)展、深造都是一大筆本錢(qián)。更重要的是, 這樣記憶的詞不容易忘掉了!

    Unit 1 家族認(rèn)親-舉一反十

    1.just=right 正

    just: a./adv. 正義的, 公平的;應(yīng)得的;合理的; 剛好

    just price/punishment 公正的價(jià)錢(qián)/應(yīng)得的懲罰 just now 剛才

    justice: n. 正義, 正直, 司法

    sense of justice 正義感/treat sb with justice 公正地對(duì)待某人

    justify: v. 證明…為合理,正當(dāng);辯護(hù) [-fy 動(dòng)詞后綴]

    Nothing can justify your cheating in the exam.

    justifiable: a.可證明為正當(dāng)?shù)?無(wú)可非議的 [-able形容詞后綴]

    justifiable abortion 正當(dāng)?shù)牧鳟a(chǎn)

    justification: n. 正當(dāng)理由 He was getting angry, and with justification.

    justified: a. 有正當(dāng)理由的

    As the goods was damaged, she felt justified in asking for her money back.

    injustice: n. 不公正 [in 否定前綴] eg: Pride and Injustice 傲慢與偏見(jiàn)

    unjust: a. 不公正 [un否定前綴]

    adjust: v. 調(diào)整, 使…適應(yīng) [ad 朝向 + just 正 調(diào)整]

    adjust the watch/the focus of camera/ adjust oneself to

    調(diào)表/調(diào)整焦距/ 使…適應(yīng)

    adjustment: n.

    adjustable: a. 可調(diào)整的

    2. sign=mark 記號(hào), 符號(hào)

    sign: n. 記號(hào), 符號(hào); 招牌; 跡象; 手勢(shì) v. 簽名, 示意

    traffic sign 交通燈/deaf-and-dumb signs 聾啞語(yǔ)

    signal: n. 信號(hào);預(yù)兆 [-al名詞前綴]

    signature: n. 簽名 [-ture名詞后綴]

    signify: v. 意味著, 表明 Dark clouds signify rain.

    significant: a. 有意義的, 意味深長(zhǎng)的,重要的

    signification: n. 含義

    design: n./v. 設(shè)計(jì), 預(yù)定 [de-加強(qiáng)意義]

    designer: n. fashion designer 服裝設(shè)計(jì)師

    designate: v. 表明, 指示; 指定 He was designated as the director.

    assign: v. 指定, 指派,分配 [as-加強(qiáng)意義] eg: assign sb to do sth ;

    assignment: n. 分配的工作, 作業(yè) heavy reading assignment

    assignation: n. 選定, 分配

    resign: v. 辭職, 放棄 [re=off 離去]

    3.center/centre: n. 中心

    central: a. central nervous system/air conditioning 中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng);中央空調(diào)

    centralize: v. 使中心化, 集中 [ ize-動(dòng)詞后綴]

    concentrate: v. 集中,專(zhuān)心 [con= together ]

    I can’t concentrate my mind on the study.

    4.liter=letter 文字, 字母

    letter: n.信, 字母 ,文學(xué)(pl.)

    literature: n. 文學(xué)

    literal: a. 文字的, 字面上的 literal translation 字面翻譯

    literary: a. 文學(xué)的 literary works/ critics 文學(xué)作品; 文學(xué)評(píng)論

    literate: a.能識(shí)字會(huì)寫(xiě)的 Only a few of those peasants(農(nóng)民) are literate.

    Literacy: n. 有文化, 識(shí)字 the adult literacy campaign 成人掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)

    illiterate: a. 文盲 [il- 否定前綴] computer illiterate 計(jì)算機(jī)盲

    semi-literate: 半文盲 [semi=half]

    anti-illiterate: 掃盲 [anti=against]

    Unit 2 家族認(rèn)親-舉一反十

    1. vac, vacu=empty 空

    vacant: a. 空的, 未被占用的, 空缺的

    比較 blank, empty, vacant, bare vacant: 未被占用的 vacant room/ post /time 空房間;空缺; 空閑時(shí)間 blank: 空白的, 未填寫(xiě)的 blank cheque 空白支票 empty: 空間內(nèi)空無(wú)一物; 無(wú)人 empty box/house bare: 表面光禿禿, 空無(wú)一物 bare hill/head 光禿禿的山; 禿頭

    vacate: v. 使空出, 騰出 vacate the hotel room

    vacation: n. 假期(空閑) be on vacation /go on vacation 度假/summer vacation

    vacancy: n. 空白, 空地, 空缺, 空虛

    fill a vacancy in one’s knowledge 填補(bǔ)知識(shí)空白

    vacuum: n./a./v. 真空; 真空的; 使真空

    vacuum cleaner/ packaging 真空吸塵器; 真空包裝

    2. grad, gred=step, grade, go

    grade: n./v. 等級(jí), 分?jǐn)?shù); 分等, 評(píng)分

    in the second grade 二年級(jí) / got grade A in the exam 考試得了A 等

    gradation: n. 等級(jí), 層次, 刻度 gradation on the thermometer 溫度計(jì)上的刻度

    gradual: a. 逐漸的, 緩坡的 gradual increase/ recovery 逐步提高/恢復(fù)

    graduate: v./n. 獲得學(xué)位,畢業(yè)/準(zhǔn)予畢業(yè), 提高, 升級(jí); 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生, 畢業(yè)生, 研究生

    v. He graduated from/ was graduated from Oxford. 他從牛津大學(xué)畢業(yè)

    The school graduates 2000 students each year. 這個(gè)學(xué)校每年有2000名畢業(yè)生

    n. a graduate in medicine 醫(yī)科畢業(yè)生;

    graduate course/ school 研究生課程;研究生院

    graduated: a. 畢業(yè)的; 分階段的; 累進(jìn)的 graduated tax 累進(jìn)稅

    postgraduate: 研究生

    undergraduate: 本科生

    upgrade: 升級(jí), 提拔; 上坡

    degradation: 降級(jí) [de=down]

    3. press=press, force 壓, 強(qiáng)迫

    press: v./n. 按, 壓, 擠,緊貼, 強(qiáng)迫; 印刷, 出版; 報(bào)刊, 出版社, 新聞界

    press the button/ the juice 按按鈕/榨汁; foreign press 外文刊物

    pressing: a. 緊迫的 pressing business/ need 急事; 急需

    pressure: n. 壓力, 強(qiáng)制 blood pressure 血壓/ international pressure 國(guó)際壓力

    compress: v. 壓縮 [ com=together]

    depress: v. 壓抑, 使沮喪, 壓下 [ de=down]

    depressed: a. 壓抑的, 沮喪的 feel / be depressed at sth

    depressing: a. 令人壓抑的, 沮喪的 the depressing atmosphere令人壓抑的氣氛

    depression: n. 壓抑

    express: v./a./n. 表達(dá); 壓; 特快的; 快運(yùn) [ex=out 往外壓, 擠 表達(dá),加快]

    (1) express oneself 表達(dá)自己

    (2) express telegram加急電報(bào)/company快遞公司/train 特快列車(chē)

    (3) by express 特快/ express way 高速公路

    expression: n. 表達(dá), 詞句, 措辭; 表情

    common expression 普通用語(yǔ)/facial expression 面部表情

    impress: v. 印, 蓋印; 留下印象 [im=in 印到里面 留下印象]

    be impressed by對(duì)…留下印象/ impressed stamp 蓋過(guò)戳的郵票

    impression: n. 印象, 蓋印 He made an impression on her. 他給她留下深刻的印象

    impressive: a. 給人深刻印象的, 感人的

    suppress: v. 壓制, 抑制 suppress the book 查禁這本書(shū); suppress a yawn 忍住哈欠

    4. vit, viv, vig=life 生命

    vitamin: n. 維他命, 維生素

    This vegetable contains vitamins. 這種蔬菜包含多種維他命

    vivid: a. 鮮艷的, 活潑的, 生動(dòng)的 vivid color/ girl/ description(描述)

    survive: v. 幸存(于); 比…長(zhǎng)命 [ sur-超過(guò)]

    survive (after) the earthquake(地震)/ survive sb three years

    同類(lèi)名詞變化形式 v. n. arrive -arrival survive-survival revive—revival approve—approval remove—removal

    survival: n. 幸存 [-al 名詞后綴]

    survivor: n. 幸存者

    revive: v. 復(fù)活 [re=again]

    revival: n. 復(fù)活

    vital: a. 生命的; 充滿(mǎn)活力的;

    生死攸關(guān)的; 至關(guān)重要的

    It is vital to keep secret.

    5. auto=self 自己

    automobile: n. [ auto=(self); mobile=(移動(dòng))] 汽車(chē)

    automatic: a. 自動(dòng)的

    automatically: adv.

    automation: n. 自動(dòng)化

    autobiography: n. [auto=(self); bio=(life); graphy=(writing) 自我人生的描述]

    自傳

    autobiographer: n. 自傳作家

    autonomy: n. [nomy=(法) 自己的法] 自治, 自治權(quán), 自主權(quán)

    autonomous: a. 自治的, 自主的

    Unit 3

    家族認(rèn)親---舉一反十

    1. equ,equi=equal

    equal: a. 相等的, 勝任的 be equal to 能勝任…的

    n. 對(duì)等的人或物 the equal of = the equivalent of;

    He has no equal in music. 在音樂(lè)方面無(wú)人能與他匹敵

    v. 比得上, 等于 None of us can equal him in English.

    equality: n. 平等, 同等 [ty 名詞后綴]

    equate: v. 等同于 Wealth should not be equated with happiness.

    equator: n. 赤道

    equation: n. 方程式, 等式

    equivalent: a./n. 相等的, 等價(jià)的相應(yīng)物, 等價(jià)物 [val-價(jià)值(value)]

    be equivalent to sth/doing

    That would be equivalent to teaching him not to meddle in my affairs.

    那就等于叫他別來(lái)干涉我的事

    the equivalent of

    A refrigerator that costs/is the equivalent of a whole year’s salary

    一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一年工資的冰箱

    equivalence: n. 等價(jià), 等效; 等意

    equivocal: a. 含糊其辭的, 曖昧的 [voc=voice]

    eg: equivocal reply/

    literal的名詞

    literal的名詞是literalness.

    literalness:n.直白性;字面性;字面的;字面義。 擴(kuò)展資料

    The human social development history is also a figure-symbol-literalness to develop the history.

    人類(lèi)社會(huì)的發(fā)展史也是圖形符號(hào)文字的發(fā)展史。

    This text put great emphasis on discussing the basic function of language literalness and it is at the characteristics that the new development of period history change.

    本文著重論述了語(yǔ)言文字的一些基本功能以及它在新的`歷史時(shí)期發(fā)展變化的特點(diǎn)。

    His rigid translation of this literary work border on literalness.

    他對(duì)這部文學(xué)作品的生硬翻譯近乎刻板。

    To solve this problem can help us to neutralize the theoretical doubt on the being and meaning of micro-blog creation literalness.

    解決這一問(wèn)題,同時(shí)可以幫助我們化解對(duì)微博客創(chuàng)作文學(xué)性存在意義的理論質(zhì)疑。

    Methods The distress warning system in 120 computer managing software was supplemented with a printing output module to alter the mode of passing patients' call address, contact phone number by recording or dictating to by literalness.

    方法在120計(jì)算機(jī)管理軟件的求救報(bào)警系統(tǒng)中增設(shè)打印輸出模塊,改變?cè)瓉?lái)用記錄或口述傳遞病人求救地址、聯(lián)系電話(huà)號(hào)碼的方式,以文字形式進(jìn)行傳遞,參考執(zhí)行。

    專(zhuān)八閱讀

    熟悉規(guī)律方法:首先,語(yǔ)法;再則,段落主旨的歸納;最后,錯(cuò)題歸納,在文章中重新找一遍,不看答案。98-2004,做地點(diǎn)排除練習(xí),不做時(shí)間定點(diǎn)做題。2005-2011做定點(diǎn)做題,同時(shí)2012-2015控制時(shí)間。

    一、八級(jí)閱讀考查的總要領(lǐng)

    1. 略讀 (skim): 文章大意

    2.? 掃讀 (scan) :細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn),如人名、地名特定信息

    ? 3.? 研讀 (study) : 段落邏輯 、上下文指代、 段落主旨

    課程講解順序

    1. 有句法結(jié)構(gòu)到單句閱讀

    2.? 有單句閱讀到段落主旨?xì)w納

    ? 3.? 有段落主旨?xì)w納到解題技巧

    二、如何處理單詞和閱讀的關(guān)系

    1. 過(guò)詞而不是背詞 ? 把熟練程度分開(kāi),過(guò)詞即認(rèn)識(shí)其一個(gè)意思,因?yàn)楸扯嗤唷2徽J(rèn)識(shí)、不太熟悉的詞放在閱讀中去記

    ? 2. 控制背詞時(shí)間,增加閱讀時(shí)間

    ? 3.? 理想的過(guò)詞順序 什么時(shí)間點(diǎn)背詞

    措施: 早上騰出半小時(shí),把能過(guò)的單詞過(guò)一下,過(guò)時(shí)采取不同順序,標(biāo)記認(rèn)識(shí)和不認(rèn)識(shí)的。中午、下午過(guò)同樣的單詞。過(guò)詞時(shí)間長(zhǎng),背詞短。因?yàn)楸吃~使得放在文章中就讀不懂了。而放在句中記可以讓我們提高上下文理解能力

    三、一些已經(jīng)在八級(jí)改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)的 混淆 詞

    1. conscious/conscientious

    Awareness /

    2. literal/literary

    3. imaginary/imaginative

    四、語(yǔ)法需分三步走

    1.? 五種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象

    2. 否定和因果結(jié)構(gòu)

    轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、否定必讀

    ? 3.? 看清省略、指代暗示

    副詞表程度,可放在形容詞和動(dòng)詞;名詞、副詞+形容詞可放在名詞前面

    技巧(定位)→沒(méi)技巧→基礎(chǔ)→字句歸納

    As early as elementary school, we are told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is?why so many U.S. lawmakers framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of school lunch line. (2010 年?TEXT B)

    翻譯:早在小學(xué)的時(shí)候,就有人告訴我們插隊(duì)是不道德行為,這也是為什么諸多美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員將移民辯論視為類(lèi)似于學(xué)校午餐插隊(duì)那樣的惡行。

    The other problem that arises from the employment is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who?is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who?must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks.

    翻譯: 由雇傭引起的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是工作女性的問(wèn)題。體現(xiàn)在兩方面:一方面妻子比丈夫更成功,另一個(gè)是妻子在家務(wù)方面嚴(yán)重?依賴(lài)于丈夫的幫助 。

    限定形定語(yǔ)從句和非限定定語(yǔ)從句的差別:

    前者為限定修飾,經(jīng)常前置處理

    后者為非限定修飾,做補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,經(jīng)常后置

    名詞that句子,名詞在后面的句子中有成分

    主語(yǔ):名詞who 句子;名詞?which 句子;名詞?that 句子;名詞,?which/who…?

    賓語(yǔ):whom/which/that/省略;

    所有格:whose/of which;

    地點(diǎn):at which/in which/where;

    時(shí)間:at which/in which/when)

    What does?this thing that? people cannot escape ?consist of these days??And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation,?address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that? income comes fourth ?is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth. (2011 年?TEXT C)

    1、 開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山

    直接出現(xiàn)主旨

    2、 拋磚引玉

    轉(zhuǎn)折后出現(xiàn)主旨

    3、 現(xiàn)象解釋

    常見(jiàn)于散文,先描述現(xiàn)象,而解釋往往是主旨

    4、 問(wèn)題回答

    開(kāi)篇是問(wèn)題,回答很可能是主旨

    中文翻譯過(guò)來(lái)不是轉(zhuǎn)折,但在英文中是

    1、But, Nevertheless, However, Yet, while, though, although

    2、 實(shí)際上: Actually, In fact, As a matter of fact, Indeed, Rather, Instead,

    3、 和 “ 震驚、不幸、諷刺、矛盾 ” :Astonishingly, Surprisingly, Shockingly,?Stunningly, Startlingly, Unfortunately, Satirically, Ironically, Paradoxically

    4、 Most people believe that… But…/It is often thought that…But…/Typically,?…./Historically, …/Conventionally, ….

    1、 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)具體化

    如作者具體化他的經(jīng)歷

    2、出現(xiàn)一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的人物

    3、試驗(yàn)的過(guò)程

    用于證明觀點(diǎn),會(huì)有證明過(guò)程,會(huì)妨礙理解。但事件的體現(xiàn)和結(jié)果是主旨

    4、敘述的過(guò)程

    小說(shuō)常見(jiàn),容易陷進(jìn)敘事中,忘記題目

    1.閱讀不是翻譯,翻譯時(shí)第二遍閱讀

    ?2.?段落主旨?xì)w納是閱讀的本,即READING COMPREHENSION

    ?3.?首位轉(zhuǎn)折是關(guān)鍵

    ?4.?開(kāi)篇段如果有具體化跡象需要找 主題觀點(diǎn)(現(xiàn)象解釋才是真)

    ?5.?注意 反問(wèn)句(語(yǔ)氣弦外之音才是真)

    ?6.?查收細(xì)節(jié)是假,段落主旨?xì)w納、大意理解是真

    一、定位方法

    1 )出題者知道你會(huì)定位 ?

    招法 ?1 :定位模糊

    2011年TEXT D

    The description of the?couple’s clothes and behavior ?at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of

    A.secrecy秘密的,文章中的furtive

    B.elation得意洋洋的

    C.superiority優(yōu)越感,與文章剛好相反??筛鶕?jù)ity猜測(cè)其意思

    D.awkwardness概括了shy和blush

    The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.

    A newly married?pair ?had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's? face? was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-colored hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in?a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were ?furtive and?shy.

    The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She ?wore a dress?of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She ?continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes?caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines. They were evidently very happy. ?(這里是心態(tài),題目為穿著)"Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight.

    招法 ?2 :?jiǎn)枂尉涞囊馑?,而不是全文的主旨(?duì)文章的精度考察)

    16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?

    A. It further explains high-tech hubris.

    B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.

    C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.

    D.It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.

    For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in?more paper than ever before.

    But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales — despite a healthy economic scene.

    招法 ?3 :實(shí)詞和代詞交錯(cuò),擴(kuò)大尋找范圍( 用she.he之類(lèi)一直導(dǎo)下去)

    題目:27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of

    A. environmental value.

    B.commercial value.

    C. potential value for tourism.

    D. great value for livelihood.

    Now elsewhere in the world, ?Iceland ?may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’ s last?pristine wilderness. ? But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders .?Certainly ?they? were connected to their land, the way one?is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But ?the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own ?inhabitants .?Fo r?them?the land ?has always just been there, something that had?to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as?commodity ? rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

    總結(jié):

    1 )先看題,由 名詞 定位到原文、順序查詢(xún)

    1、名詞不可改,但動(dòng)詞和形容詞易改

    2、尋找大寫(xiě)字母

    3、有時(shí)可用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)定位,如名詞-名詞

    2)注意指代前后串接

    3 )堅(jiān)持段落主旨的歸納

    4) 堅(jiān)持首尾必讀、轉(zhuǎn)折必讀

    句子閱讀(長(zhǎng)難句) -段落主旨?xì)w納-題型-開(kāi)查

    長(zhǎng)句和難句的區(qū)別在哪里?

    1) 長(zhǎng)句 的 語(yǔ)序 干擾大

    2) 難句 主要在 否定、比較級(jí)和因果結(jié)構(gòu)多

    3)前者只是讀著慢,后者經(jīng)常讀錯(cuò),一旦針對(duì)性出題就會(huì)出問(wèn)題

    4)前者頻率高,讀熟了就好、后者出現(xiàn)頻率低,一出就要命。

    大部分能找主謂賓,但比較句子結(jié)構(gòu)找不到,是平行結(jié)構(gòu)

    難句結(jié)構(gòu) 1 :比較平衡性 ( 復(fù)雜比較級(jí))

    1)?not so much A as B:與其說(shuō)?a,不如說(shuō)?b

    ?2)less(more) A than B:與其說(shuō)a(b),不如說(shuō)b(a)

    3)anything but 一點(diǎn)不和?nothing but不過(guò)雙重否定

    4) A is none other than B不是a就是b/nothing more than=only

    5)句子比較級(jí)

    例子: As a matter of fact, each advance in social levels is?anything (nothing) but?certain progress in tools and instruments.社會(huì)進(jìn)步都是(都只不過(guò)是)工具的進(jìn)步

    句子比較級(jí):Human beings are consuming water?faster than?they run out of food.(人們消耗水的速度比他們消耗食物的速度快)

    用比較級(jí)的寫(xiě)法暗示最高級(jí) :No?creatures have received more praises and abuses than a kind of common garden snail.

    句子比較級(jí):But Descartes and Hobbes didn’t?think of themselves?as those modern philosophers do.(“笛卡爾和霍布斯沒(méi)有把自己看做現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家”為什么是錯(cuò)誤的)他們沒(méi)有像當(dāng)代哲學(xué)家一樣看待自己

    句子比較級(jí):Hardly had I done when I did.(Hardly?had?I entered when the?telephone rang.)

    1.?owing to; due to 名詞

    ?2.?thanks to好事?

    3.?As a result of/Consequently中性

    4.out of感情上的

    ?5.?for the sake of/By means of/By virtue of?

    ?6.as/since短語(yǔ)式

    ?7.?動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)

    1.?ascribe A to B(原因在后結(jié)果在前,之所以a是因?yàn)閎);attribute to(名詞?be attributed to+名詞)

    2.A can be ascribed to B(A can be attributed to B)

    The scarcity of deer in Texas?can be ascribed to?the emergence of some?insects called the spiral flies.?(之所以鹿少是因?yàn)椤?/p>

    3.?contribute A to B(之所以...是因?yàn)椤?和?A contribute to B(a導(dǎo)致b)?

    4.?owe A to B(把A歸因于B)

    owe one’s success to:之所以成功,是因?yàn)?/p>

    大部分能找主謂賓,但比較句子結(jié)構(gòu)找不到,是平行結(jié)構(gòu)

    1.? 用介詞判斷: A originate from B/A can be traced back to B/A arise from B/A?result in B/A result from B

    2.? 主系表判斷:

    be responsible for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé);是……的原因

    A is to blame for B?A是B的責(zé)任

    Several medical studies?show that too much cigarette smoking can be responsible for various kinds of chronic diseases ranging from hypertension to lunch cancer.吸煙要對(duì)各種各樣的慢性疾病負(fù)責(zé)

    1. have something to do with ?

    2. Involve 和... 相關(guān)

    ? 3.? be linked with

    ? 4. be associated to

    ? 5.? be related to: 與 ... 相關(guān)

    If something happens until a particular time, it happens before that time comes, and stops at that time. (主謂賓?at/on/in/during/until 時(shí)間)

    如: I left the office at six.

    改:I didn’t?leave the office until?six o’clock.我6點(diǎn)才離開(kāi)辦公室

    改:It was not until six o’clock that I left the office.

    改:Not until six o’clock did I leave the office.

    例句:The organizing committee discussed four and half hours before?announcing that the decision would stand.主委會(huì)討論了半小時(shí)才確立這個(gè)決定

    unless: if not

    few/a few, little/a little

    seldom/hardly/never

    other than/instead of doing/rather than do

    例句:Instead of doing their part in improving the air quality in Beijing,

    注意:名詞的修飾句,一般比較短時(shí),名詞挪后。如果句子為主語(yǔ)

    fail to do something/refuse to

    overlook/neglect/ignore/deprive somebody of something/decline/

    dis-under-im-un

    free from/be far from being/less than/be in short of/too..to…

    would have done/would not have done

    1)文章主旨(少)、作者態(tài)度(多)、段落主旨(很少)文章架構(gòu),一定拿分

    2)細(xì)節(jié)查找→取非題→詞匯指代題文章細(xì)節(jié)

    3)推導(dǎo)、句子含義和修辭文章句子

    定位之后又和原文最大相近性的改寫(xiě),通常為形容詞 - 動(dòng)詞

    注意否定詞的出現(xiàn): no, would(not)have, too, few, little, hardly, seldom,?barely, less, fail to, refuse to, lack, rather than, instead of, be far from being….; be in short of; dis-, im-, un, until, before

    動(dòng)詞、形容詞和否定詞的改寫(xiě)

    就近排查不存在的名詞

    最高級(jí)的選項(xiàng) (est/the most/the least)

    名詞前面的限定語(yǔ)(形容詞)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞( will-must-can-may-might )、助動(dòng)詞、

    絕對(duì)化限定詞: all, just, only

    如文章junk food contains sugar(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是指常規(guī)性,規(guī)律性的),答案sugar can be found in some junk food ,這是可以的。反過(guò)來(lái)是錯(cuò)的,因?yàn)槭钦胬硇源鸢?/p>

    May是可能,would 和would have是可能性更大

    1 )文章主旨題的問(wèn)題方式

    What is the central (main) idea of this passage?

    What is the best topic of this passage?

    What is this passage mainly about?

    What is the main purpose of this passage ??

    2 )解題方法

    方法1:瀏覽各段首尾句、尤其是第一段和最后一段的首尾句

    方法2:段落主旨不等于文章主旨

    1 )提問(wèn)方法

    What is the tone of this passage?

    What is the author’s attitude towards …

    2 )解題方法

    注意 attitude 后面的詞,通常是定位點(diǎn),回找原文

    復(fù)習(xí)一些和態(tài)度有關(guān)的詞

    正面態(tài)度、負(fù)面態(tài)度、中性、褒貶

    中立:neutral(中立的), positive(積極的), negative(消極的)

    主觀和客觀:objective(客觀的), subjective(主觀的)

    辯證:dialectical(辯證的), rational(理性的), justified(合理的),reserved(有保留的)

    冷漠:indifferent, detached, uninterested, unsympathetic

    熱情:enthusiastic, passionate, zeal

    樂(lè)觀:optimistic(樂(lè)觀), pessimistic(悲觀)

    偏見(jiàn):prejudicial, partial, biased,

    公正:impartial, disinterested(公正的), compromising

    懷疑:dubious, skeptical, speculative, ambiguous(模棱兩可的)

    確信:appreciative, approval, assured, convinced, conclusive(結(jié)論的)

    廣泛:comprehensive(廣泛的), qualified(限定的)

    贊揚(yáng)批評(píng):praiseworthy(值得贊揚(yáng)的), critical(批評(píng)的),scornful(蔑視的)

    1 )提問(wèn)方法:

    Why the author mentioned …

    The author cited … in order to…

    The author mentioned … in order to show (illustrate/demonstrate)…

    2 )解題方法

    例證本身如果復(fù)雜,定位段落主題句

    提問(wèn)方法:

    The word in line?…?probably means…

    解題方法:

    定位原文,“怪詞”要根據(jù)上下文判定單詞的大致意思。

    定位原文,認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯要注意熟詞僻意

    提問(wèn)方法 :?

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

    All the following is true EXCEPT?…

    Which of the following is INCORRECT?

    解題方法:

    注意文章中列舉的位置

    可以采取反向閱讀方法從D選項(xiàng)讀起

    注意:取非題和詞匯題都是從文章細(xì)節(jié)中查找

    喻體考察對(duì)單詞和語(yǔ)法依托太強(qiáng),所以不會(huì)做就跳過(guò)。先做主題,再是not,然后是推導(dǎo)

    提問(wèn)方法:

    It can be implied/inferred/suggested/learned from the passage?that …

    解題方法 :

    1、注意段落主旨的歸納,名為句子定位,其實(shí)是段落大意

    2、注意選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤改寫(xiě)方法

    3、總結(jié)難句結(jié)構(gòu)

    1、定位,放在文章中去找

    2、是單詞本意肯定不是喻體,偏離本意(有所夸張,或者衍生)是喻體

    1.?According to the passage 原則,如果找不到正確答案,就尋找錯(cuò)誤答案的跡象。?

    2.無(wú)關(guān)名詞、最高級(jí)、無(wú)關(guān)比較級(jí)別。

    ?3.?限定語(yǔ),如名詞前面的形容詞、副詞限定、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

    ?4.?能說(shuō)出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的理由。

    1、多讀

    2、通過(guò)段落排查,盡量保證第一道題和最后一道題的爭(zhēng)取率

    3、對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排查

    4、挑選字?jǐn)?shù)較多的選項(xiàng)

    1、長(zhǎng)難句閱讀精度

    2、段落主旨?xì)w納

    3、定位查詢(xún)和排除

    1.? 段落主旨概要、作者態(tài)度

    ? 2.? 詞匯的含義和指代

    ? 3. 句子基本含義的理解

    ? 4. 細(xì)節(jié)查詢(xún)和組織

    1. 大意理解

    2.?基本拼讀能力

    3.?查找能力

    4.組織和寫(xiě)單句的能力

    1.?審題

    ?2.?定位原文

    ?3.?上下文瀏覽

    ?4.?選詞詞匯,短語(yǔ),短句

    1.?用單詞和短語(yǔ),少用句子寫(xiě)翻易出錯(cuò)

    ?2.?寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單句

    ?3.?句子的基本形式是什么

    1. 主賓的成分是什么?

    2. 名詞、動(dòng)名詞

    3. 不定式??it is adj to do...

    4. What 引導(dǎo)名詞化從句

    1. 名詞+動(dòng)詞+名詞(主謂賓)

    2.名詞+系表動(dòng)詞+名詞(主系表)

    3.There be+名詞+地點(diǎn)(某地方有某物)

    4.It is 形容詞?for somebody to do something

    5. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

    1. 定冠詞和不定冠詞

    2. 介詞

    3.系表類(lèi)型動(dòng)詞

    4. 基本成分排列:

    時(shí)間,名詞+動(dòng)詞+名詞+方法+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間

    例句:一對(duì)男女在我身后大聲交談。

    翻譯:A man and a woman were talking loudly behind me.

    翻譯:A man and a woman behind me were talking loudly behind me.

    1. (定冠/不定冠詞)名詞+動(dòng)詞+名詞

    2. 名詞+seem/appear/remain/become形容詞 主系表

    3. 被動(dòng)句:名詞can be過(guò)去分詞+方法+地點(diǎn)

    方法1:盡量用短語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題

    方法2:注意上下文查找、近義詞改寫(xiě)

    方法3:濃縮句子結(jié)構(gòu)

    方法4:能用形容詞不后置

    能用介詞短語(yǔ)少用分詞和從句

    需要寫(xiě)句子嚴(yán)守五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)

    方法5:充分利用真題做練習(xí)

    注意:It指代已提到的物體和動(dòng)物、看不出性別的事物,再則是最近的事物

    注意復(fù)習(xí)一下態(tài)度詞,轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、否定必讀,段落主旨?xì)w納是把定位,理解句子意思后做總結(jié)

    解題方法:

    注意上下文和熟詞僻意

    注意文章中的名詞重現(xiàn)和指代替換位置,

    跳過(guò)一些陌生單詞

    注意文字標(biāo)注

    1、 都涉及單句閱讀理解

    ? 2、 都涉及段落主旨?xì)w納二、如果閱讀過(guò)程中讀不懂怎么辦

    1)看一下文章的主題句,即首位必讀、轉(zhuǎn)折必讀

    2)用前期題目進(jìn)行精讀練習(xí)?

    3)用中期題目進(jìn)行做題練習(xí)

    4)用后期題目進(jìn)行統(tǒng)練、控制做題時(shí)間

    3、中期題目和后期題目至少兩遍

    1第一遍按照方法做題,練習(xí)定點(diǎn)、排除

    2第二遍分析錯(cuò)題,尤其說(shuō)出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的理由

    3不要將答案畫(huà)在選項(xiàng)上

    98-05練習(xí)段落主旨?xì)w納,不要做題,3-4周,讀到有語(yǔ)感和練習(xí)長(zhǎng)難句

    05-10,嚴(yán)格按照做題套路

    10-15,模擬考試

    做錯(cuò)題,分析答案,不要記答案

    形容詞(80個(gè))

    (1) 品質(zhì)形容詞和關(guān)系形容詞

    英語(yǔ)中的品質(zhì)形容詞用來(lái)描述事物的品質(zhì),所以可以用比較級(jí)。比如四級(jí)階段的important和significant等就可以用作比較級(jí)。 而關(guān)系形容詞則是用來(lái)說(shuō)明事物之間相互關(guān)系的,他們由于詞義的緣故,本身不能用比較級(jí)。比如四級(jí)階段的simultaneous (同時(shí)的),mutual (相互的), inevitable (不可避免的), 和eternal (永恒的)等,就沒(méi)有比較級(jí)。

    六級(jí)詞匯大綱中不能用作比較級(jí)的常見(jiàn)形容詞還有:

    Absolute (絕對(duì)的,十足的) chief (首席的) complete (完全的、徹底的) excellent (優(yōu)秀的、卓越的) exceptional (例外的、特例的) exclusive (專(zhuān)有的、獨(dú)家的) fatal (致命的) favorite (喜歡的、鐘愛(ài)的) final (最終的、最后的) infinite (無(wú)限的) main (最主要的) major (主要的) minor (次要的) perfect (完美的、極好的) primary (最初的、首要的) right (正確的) sufficient (足夠的) supreme (最高的、至上的) thorough (完全的、徹底的) unanimous (一致同意) universal (宇宙的) utter (徹底的) vital (至關(guān)重要的) whole (整個(gè)的) 等。

    (2) 動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞和靜態(tài)形容詞

    根據(jù)形容詞的意義區(qū)分,英語(yǔ)中間大多數(shù)形容詞屬于靜態(tài)形容詞,它們一般不能用在祈使句當(dāng)中,而部分形容詞則很有動(dòng)作的意義,它們則可以用在祈使句中。靜態(tài)形容詞的典型例子有reasonable (合理的) stable (穩(wěn)定的) 而動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞的典型例子有rational (理性的、合理的) steady (穩(wěn)健的、穩(wěn)固的、扎實(shí)的)。

    靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)概念也是區(qū)分形容詞近義詞的重要途徑。在四、六級(jí)大綱中,其它常見(jiàn)的靜態(tài)形容詞和動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞比較的對(duì)子還有:economic (經(jīng)濟(jì)的、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的) economical (節(jié)儉的、節(jié)約的) fast (快速的、快的) quick (急促的、快速的) grave (嚴(yán)肅的、嚴(yán)重的) serious (認(rèn)真地、嚴(yán)肅的)。

    (3) 表語(yǔ)形容詞和定語(yǔ)形容詞

    形容詞在英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法作用因語(yǔ)境而不同,有些形容詞既可以做定語(yǔ),也可以做表語(yǔ),但是有些卻只能做表語(yǔ),而另一些則只能做定語(yǔ)。只能做表語(yǔ)的形容詞被歸類(lèi)為表語(yǔ)形容詞,比如大綱中的ill (生病的,如果該詞用作定語(yǔ),它的意思則是壞的,惡意的)與sick (生病的,既可用作標(biāo)語(yǔ),也可用作定語(yǔ)) alive (活著的,只能用作表語(yǔ)) 與lively (生動(dòng)的、活潑的) , alone (獨(dú)自,孤獨(dú),只能用作表語(yǔ)) 與lonely(孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的,既可以用作表語(yǔ),也可以用作定語(yǔ)) afraid(害怕,恐懼,只能用作表語(yǔ)) 與fearful (恐怕的,害怕,既可以用作定語(yǔ),也可以用作標(biāo)語(yǔ)) able (能夠,只能用作表語(yǔ))與capable (有能力的,既可以用作表語(yǔ),也可以用作定語(yǔ)) , glad (高興的,只能用作表語(yǔ)) happy (高興得,愉快的,既可以作表語(yǔ),又可以作定語(yǔ))。

    新四級(jí)詞匯大綱中其它只能用作表語(yǔ)的形容詞:aware (意識(shí)到的,覺(jué)察到的) well (身體健康的)worth (值得的) awake (醒著的,未睡著的) ashamed (害羞的) content (滿(mǎn)意的) sure (確信的) alike (相像的、相似的) asleep(睡著的) fond (喜歡的、愛(ài)好的) sorry (傷心的、難過(guò)的) unable (不能,沒(méi)有能力)。

    新四級(jí)詞匯大綱中其它只能用作定語(yǔ)的形容詞: daily (每日一次的、日常的) weekly (每周一次的,按周的) monthly (每月一次的、按月的) yearly (按年的、每年一次的) former (前面的、前者的) latter (后面的、后者的)elder (較年長(zhǎng)的) inner (內(nèi)側(cè)的、靠?jī)?nèi)側(cè)的) outer (外側(cè)的、靠外側(cè)的) occasional (偶爾的) utter (全然的、絕對(duì)的) spare (備用的、多余的) wooden (木質(zhì)的、木頭做的)golden (金子做的、金的)

    (4) 近形異義形容詞

    在英語(yǔ)形容詞當(dāng)中,有許多形容詞形式非常相近,但是意思卻差別很大,而四、六級(jí)考生卻經(jīng)常容易弄混。本文從辨析的角度給大家提供完型高分的解決辦法:比如rough (粗略的、粗糙的、粗暴的) tough (強(qiáng)硬的、艱苦的、粗暴的); rare (稀罕的、珍貴的、半熟的) bare (赤裸的、無(wú)遮蔽的、空的); complimentary (恭維的、夸獎(jiǎng)的、稱(chēng)贊的) complementary(補(bǔ)充的、補(bǔ)足的)effective (有效果的,有效的) efficient (有效率的);

     新四級(jí)詞匯大綱中這類(lèi)形容詞還有:adapted (適合的) adopted (被收養(yǎng)的、被采用的); apparent (明顯的、顯然的) transparent (透明的、明晰的); artificial (人工的、假的、非自然的) superficial (表面的、膚淺的); brief (簡(jiǎn)明的、扼要的) grief (悲傷、不幸、傷心事); causal (因果的,有因果關(guān)系的) casual (隨意的,隨便的) ; cautious (小心謹(jǐn)慎的、仔細(xì)的) conscious (有意識(shí)的、有覺(jué)悟的); complimentary (恭維的,贊譽(yù)的) complementary (補(bǔ)充的、補(bǔ)足的); compulsory (強(qiáng)制的、必修的) compulsive (強(qiáng)迫癥的、禁不住的);conducive (有利的、有益的 be conducive to) conductive (導(dǎo)體的,有傳導(dǎo)能力的) ; constant (不變的、持續(xù)的、堅(jiān)決的) consistent (一致的、連貫的);consequent (作為結(jié)果的、隨后發(fā)生的) subsequent (并發(fā)的、后來(lái)的); descriptive (描述的) prescriptive (規(guī)定性的、處方的); deliberate (故意的,有意的) elaborate (復(fù)雜的,精心制作的,精細(xì)的); effective (有效果的) efficient (有效率的); elusive (難懂得,難捉摸的) illusive(錯(cuò)覺(jué)的、迷惑人的);ethnical(種族的) ethical(倫理的、道德的); furious (暴怒的,激烈的) curious (好奇的);imminent(即將來(lái)臨的,逼近的)prominent (顯著的,突出的); important (重要的、重大的) impotent (無(wú)力的、虛弱的、性無(wú)能的、) lovely (可愛(ài)的) lively (活潑的、生動(dòng)的); later (后來(lái),隨后) latter (后者、后來(lái)的);literal (字面的) liberal (自由的); literary (文學(xué)的) literate (有學(xué)問(wèn)的、會(huì)讀書(shū)的) ; natural (自然的) neutral (中立的); obvious (明顯的、顯然的) obscure (無(wú)名的、模糊的) ; personal (個(gè)人的) personnel (人事的); affective (情感的、與感情有關(guān)的) effective (有效果的) infective (會(huì)傳染的、易傳染的); primitive (原始的) primary (基本的、首要的); popular (流行的、受歡迎的) populous (人口稠密的); rigorous (嚴(yán)格的、嚴(yán)酷的、嚴(yán)峻的) vigorous (精力旺盛的、有活力的); prospective (有希望的,有前景的) perspective (透視圖、透視的畫(huà)法); protective(保護(hù)性的) preventative (防御性的); simultaneous (同時(shí)的) spontaneous (自發(fā)的); specific (具體的) special (特殊的); technological (科技的、技術(shù)的、因技術(shù)進(jìn)步而引起的) technical (技術(shù)的、技巧的);virtual(虛擬的、實(shí)質(zhì)上的)virtuous(善良的、道德的)

    (5) 同根異義形容詞

    Additional (附加的、另外的) additives (附加的、添加的、附加劑); affective (情感的,與情感有關(guān)的) affectionate (慈愛(ài)的,充滿(mǎn)愛(ài)意的);comparable (可比較的、比較的) comparative (比較級(jí)的、比較的); comprehensive (綜合的) comprehensible (可以理解的); conceivable (可能的、想象得到的) conceptive (概念上的,有想象的); considerable(大量的、可觀的) considerate (體貼的、善解人意的); continual (持續(xù)的,反復(fù)發(fā)生的) continuous (連續(xù)的、持續(xù)不斷的); deceivable (可騙的) deceptive (欺騙性的、容易使人上當(dāng)?shù)?; decided (堅(jiān)定的、果斷的) decisive (決定性的、確定的); definite (肯定的,明確的,限定的) definitive (權(quán)威性的,確定的); democratic (民主的) demographic (人口學(xué)的) destructive (破壞性的,具有毀滅性的)destructible (可摧毀的,可破壞的); disinterested (無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的、無(wú)私欲的) uninterested (不感興趣的);distinct (清楚的、明顯的) distinctive (獨(dú)特的、與眾不同的);distinguished (著名的、聞名的) distinguishable (可以區(qū)分的);economic (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的) economical (節(jié)儉的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的); educational (教育的、與教育學(xué)有關(guān)的) educative (有教育意義的); electrical (電學(xué)的) electronic (電子學(xué)的) electric(以電為動(dòng)力的); exhaustive (詳細(xì)的,詳盡的) exhaustible (可耗盡的,會(huì)枯竭的); explicit (講述的,清除明白的); extinct (滅絕的,絕種的) extinctive (趨于滅絕的,使滅絕的); implicit (暗示的,含蓄的,盲從的); farther (更遠(yuǎn)的)further (進(jìn)一步的); favorable(有利的) favorite (喜愛(ài)的,鐘愛(ài)的) favored (被優(yōu)惠的,最優(yōu)惠的); gracious (親切的,高尚的) graceful (優(yōu)美的) ; handy (手邊的、就近的) handful (一把,少數(shù)); healthy (健康的) healthful (有益健康的); historic (歷史性的、有歷史意義的) historical (歷史學(xué)的、歷史上的); heterogeneous (不同種類(lèi)的,異類(lèi)的) homogeneous (同種類(lèi)的、同類(lèi)的);heterosexual (異性戀的) homosexual(同性戀的); honorable (尊敬的、可敬的、光榮的) honorary (榮譽(yù)的、名譽(yù)的) ; imaginative (想象力豐富的、富于想象力的) imaginable(可以想象的、值得想象的) imaginary (想象中的,想象出來(lái)的); incredible(令人難以置信的)incredulous(懷疑的,不輕信的);industrial (工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的) industrious (勤勞的,勤奮的); informed(見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的,消息靈通的)informative(信息飽滿(mǎn)的,增進(jìn)知識(shí)的);instructional (教育的,指導(dǎo)的) instructive (有教育意義的); intelligent (明智的、聰明的) intelligible (可以理解,可以讀懂的); lawless (不受法律的、法律不及的)unlawful (不合法的,非法的) ; lovable (值得愛(ài)的、可愛(ài)的) lovely (可愛(ài)的、活潑的); numerical (數(shù)字的、用數(shù)字表示的) numerous (大量的、眾多的、無(wú)數(shù)的); populated (有人居住地) populous (人口密集的); respective (分別的、各自的) respectful (尊敬的、敬重的) respectable (值得尊敬的、可敬的); responsible(負(fù)責(zé)人的、責(zé)任心強(qiáng)的) responsive (踴躍的、活躍的); satisfactory (滿(mǎn)意的) satisfying (令人滿(mǎn)意的) satisfied (滿(mǎn)意的); sensible (理智的) sensitive (敏感的、靈敏的); successive (連續(xù)的、繼承的) successful (成功的) ; tolerant (有忍耐力的) tolerable (可以容忍的) valuable (值錢(qián)的、珍貴的)valueless (不值錢(qián)的、無(wú)價(jià)值的) invaluable (無(wú)價(jià)的、彌足珍貴的)

    (6) 形容詞的情感色彩

    在英語(yǔ)的形容詞辨析中,情感色彩構(gòu)成了一個(gè)重要的區(qū)分坐標(biāo),褒貶分明是形容詞學(xué)習(xí)的重要內(nèi)容。比如childish (孩子氣的,幼稚的)明顯含有貶義,而 childlike (孩子般的,天真的)就沒(méi)有這個(gè)含義;再比如conceited (驕傲的、自大的)就有貶低的意思,而 proud (驕傲自豪)則是個(gè)中性詞,可以為什么而自豪。從情感色彩的角度出發(fā),很容易辨析完型填空中出現(xiàn)的形容詞辨析題。

    大綱中常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)似形容詞還有: continual (持續(xù)的,反復(fù)發(fā)生的) continuous (連續(xù)的、持續(xù)不斷的); dramatic (引人注目的,令人吃驚的)drastic (激烈的、極短的、劇烈的); excess (過(guò)量的、過(guò)多地、超過(guò)合理限度的) excessive (數(shù)量上或程度上超過(guò)了所能忍受的限度); exhausted (耗盡的、筋疲力盡的) exhaustive (詳盡的、無(wú)遺漏的); intense (強(qiáng)烈的、劇烈的、緊張的) intensive (精深的、透徹的);long (長(zhǎng)的) lengthy (冗長(zhǎng)的); mass (巨大的、大眾的) massive(巨大的、規(guī)模、程度上因?yàn)榇蠖o人留下深刻印象); odd (古怪的、奇怪的) strange (陌生的,奇怪的);

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